biology

Lionel Crawford

Lionel Crawford is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Lionel Crawford rather than just read about it. In short: Lionel Vivian Crawford (30 April 1932 – 3 August 2024) was a British cancer expert and virologist. Life and career Crawford was born on 30 April 1932.

Key takeaways

Lionel Crawford belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Lionel Crawford to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Lionel Crawford from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Lionel Vivian Crawford (30 April 1932 – 3 August 2024) was a British cancer expert and virologist.

Life and career Crawford was born on 30 April 1932. He was educated at Rendcomb College between 1941 and 1950 before being called up for National Service. After demobilization in 1952 he studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge with a State Scholarship, graduating with a first class degree in Botany, Zoology, Organic Chemistry and Biology in 1955. After graduate work at the Cambridge Department of Chemical Microbiology he completed his PhD in 1958 in biochemistry. Until 1960 he worked as a visiting researcher at the University of California, Berkeley and the California Institute of Technology, at which point he became a researcher at the Glasgow Institute of Virology. In 1968 he became head of the Department of Virology at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, a position he held until 1988 when he returned to the University of Cambridge to join the Pathology Department as a researcher. The same year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was awarded the Gabor Medal of the Royal Society in 2005 "in recognition for his work on the small DNA tumour viruses, specifically the papova virus group, papilloma, polyoma and SV40". In 1979, he published the first description of the p53 protein and in the following years made essential contributions that showed the significance of this protein to tumorigenesis. Crawford died on 3 August 2024, at the age of 92.

References

External links Lionel Crawford on the History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group website

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Lionel Crawford

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Lionel Crawford claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Lionel Crawford before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Lionel Crawford ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Lionel Crawford

In research: Lionel Crawford appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Lionel Crawford in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Lionel Crawford is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1932 births, 2024 deaths, British biologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Lionel Crawford outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Lionel Crawford in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Lionel Crawford means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Lionel Crawford out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Lionel Crawford in simple terms?

Lionel Vivian Crawford (30 April 1932 – 3 August 2024) was a British cancer expert and virologist. Life and career Crawford was born on 30 April 1932.

Why does Lionel Crawford matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Lionel Crawford?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Lionel Crawford.