engineering

Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase

Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase is a engineering topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase rather than just read about it. In short: In enzymology, a lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase (EC 2.3.1.181) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + acyl carrier protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and protein, whereas its two products are protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine and acyl carrier protein. This…

Key takeaways

Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase belongs to engineering; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In enzymology, a lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase (EC 2.3.1.181) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + acyl carrier protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and protein, whereas its two products are protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine and acyl carrier protein. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:protein N-octanoyltransferase. Other names in common use include LipB, lipoyl (octanoyl)-[acyl-carrier-protein]-protein, N-lipoyltransferase, lipoyl (octanoyl)-acyl carrier protein:protein transferase, lipoate/octanoate transferase, lipoyltransferase, octanoyl-[acyl carrier protein]-protein N-octanoyltransferase, and lipoyl(octanoyl)transferase. This enzyme participates in lipoic acid metabolism.

References

Broadwater JA, Haas JA, Fox BG, Booker SJ (2005). "Expression, purification, and physical characterization of Escherichia coli lipoyl(octanoyl)transferase". Protein Expr. Purif. 39 (2): 269–82. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2004.10.021. PMID 15642479. Vanden Boom TJ, Reed KE, Cronan JE (1991). "Lipoic acid metabolism in Escherichia coli: isolation of null mutants defective in lipoic acid biosynthesis, molecular cloning and characterization of the E. coli lip locus, and identification of the lipoylated protein of the glycine cleavage system". J. Bacteriol. 173 (20): 6411–20. doi:10.1128/jb.173.20.6411-6420.1991. PMC 208974. PMID 1655709. Jordan SW, Cronan JE (1997). "A new metabolic link. The acyl carrier protein of lipid synthesis donates lipoic acid to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in Escherichia coli and mitochondria". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (29): 17903–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.29.17903. PMID 9218413. Zhao X, Miller JR, Jiang Y, Marletta MA, Cronan JE (2003). "Assembly of the covalent linkage between lipoic acid and its cognate enzymes". Chem. Biol. 10 (12): 1293–302. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2003.11.016. PMID 14700636. Wada M, Yasuno R, Jordan SW, Cronan JE, Wada H (2001). "Lipoic acid metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding lipoyltransferase". Plant Cell Physiol. 42 (6): 650–6. doi:10.1093/pcp/pce081. PMID 11427685. Perham RN (2000). "Swinging arms and swinging domains in multifunctional enzymes: catalytic machines for multistep reactions". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69: 961–1004. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.961. PMID 10966480.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In engineering, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase

In research: Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase appears in engineering research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics EC 2.3.1, EC 2.3 stubs, Enzymes of unknown structure, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase means in your own words.
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Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase in simple terms?

In enzymology, a lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase (EC 2.3.1.181) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + protein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + acyl carrier protein Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are octanoyl-[acy…

Why does Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase matter?

Because it connects several engineering ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase.