List of 70 mm films

Key takeaways

List of 70 mm films belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of 70 mm films to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of 70 mm films from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The following movies were filmed using 65mm or 70mm negative stock. Titles are followed by the photographic process(es) employed. Releases produced in Todd-AO, Todd-70, Super Panavision 70 (also known as Panavision 70), Panavision System 65 (also known as Panavision Super 70), Dimension 150, Arri 765 and Superpanorama 70 (also known as MClS 70 and MCS Superpanorama 70) were photographed with spherical optics on 65 mm film with five perforations per frame, yielding an aspect ratio of 2.20:1. Sovscope 70 and DEFA 70 releases were identical with the exception that they were photographed on 70 mm negative stock. MGM Camera 65 (later renamed to Ultra Panavision 70) releases employed the same film format, but the use of 1.25X anamorphic optics yielded a super-wide aspect ratio of approximately 2.75:1. 70 mm Cinerama releases were projected with special optics onto a deeply curved screen in an attempt to mimic the effect of the original 3-strip Cinerama process. Hi Fi Stereo 70 (also known as Triarama and Stereovision 70) was a 3-D process. Two anamorphic images, one for each eye, were captured side by side on 65 mm film. A special lens on a 70 mm projector added polarization and merged the two images on the screen. A similar Soviet system known as Stereo 70 did not employ anamorphics, resulting in an aspect ratio of 1.37:1. Stereospace 2000 (a 3D process) and Kodak-Disney 3D used dual 65 mm cameras operating at 30fps. Standard 70 mm theater prints were 70 mm wide, with the extra space used to accommodate the 6-channel magnetic soundtracks, consisting of five full-range channels (left, left-center, center, right-center and right) arrayed behind the screen, with the sixth channel providing surround effects. Far and Away (1992), Baraka (1992) and Hamlet (1996) employed a modified arrangement of speakers, with left, centre and right channels behind the screen, left and right surround channels and a low-frequency effects channel. More recent 70 mm releases (including The Hateful Eight) have used standard 5.1 DTS sound. This list does not include any of the hundreds of 35 mm films which have been optically enlarged to 70 mm for deluxe exhibition, including such titles as Star Wars, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and Ghostbusters. Also not included are 70 mm releases which originated on horizontal 35 mm negative such as Vistavision and Technirama (see List of Technirama films), nor films made in the Showscan process. For films shot in the IMAX 70mm format, see List of IMAX films.

American 65/70 mm films Oklahoma! (1955) – Todd-AO @ 30 frame/s; this production also shot in 35 mm CinemaScope @ 24 frame/s Around the World in 80 Days (1956) – Todd-AO; shot twice, with cameras running at 30 and 24 frame/s, respectively Raintree County (1957) – MGM Camera 65; exhibited only in 35 mm CinemaScope since all the 70 mm cinemas were booked South Pacific (1958) – Todd-AO Ben-Hur (1959) – MGM Camera 65 Porgy and Bess (1959) – Todd-AO The Big Fisherman (1959) – Super Panavision 70 Scent of Mystery (1960) – Todd-70 and Smell-O-Vision. Todd-Belock 8-channel Sound, which used a control signal to "steer" the single surround channel to three surround tracks (right wall, left wall and rear wall). This title was later re-edited, optically converted to 3-strip Cinemiracle and re-released without the odors as Holiday in Spain in 1961. It was exhibited in both Cinerama and Cinemiracle. Can-Can (1960) – Todd-AO The Alamo (1960) – Todd-AO Exodus (1960) – Super Panavision 70 West Side Story (1961) – Panavision 70 Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) – Ultra Panavision 70 It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) – Ultra Panavision 70; shown in 70 mm Cinerama Cleopatra (1963) – Todd-AO (shooting started in CinemaScope, changed to 3-panel Cinerama and finally to Todd-AO. The anamorphic and 3-panel footage was discarded.) The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) – Ultra Panavision 70 My Fair Lady (1964) – Super Panavision 70 Cheyenne Autumn (1964) – Super Panavision 70 The Sound of Music (1965) – Todd-AO (second unit photography [aerial shots] in Superpanorama 70) Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines (1965) – Todd-AO (some scenes in Superpanorama 70) The Agony and the Ecstasy (1965) – Todd-AO The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) – Ultra Panavision 70; shown in 70 mm Cinerama The Hallelujah Trail (1965) – Ultra Panavision 70; shown in 70 mm Cinerama Battle of the Bulge (1965) – Ultra Panavision 70; shown in 70 mm Cinerama Lord Jim (1965) – Super Panavision 70 Khartoum (1966) – Ultra Panavision 70; shown in 70 mm Cinerama Grand Prix (1966) – Super Panavision 70 (some scenes in Superpanorama 70); shown in 70 mm Cinerama The Bible: In The Beginning (1966) – Dimension 150 (credited as D-150) Doctor Dolittle (1967) – Todd-AO 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) – Super Panavision 70; some shots in Todd-AO; aerial shots from the stargate sequence in Superpanorama 70. Shown in 70 mm Cinerama Ice Station Zebra (1968) – Super Panavision 70 (shooting started in Ultra Panavision 70 then switched to Super Panavision 70); shown in 70 mm Cinerama Star! (1968) – Todd-AO Hello, Dolly! (1969) – Todd-AO Krakatoa, East of Java (1969) – Todd-AO and Super Panavision 70 shown in 70 mm Cinerama Airport (1970) – Todd-AO Patton (1970) – Dimension 150 Song of Norway (1970) – Super Panavision 70, shown in 70 mm Cinerama, advertised as "On the Cinerama screen" in some countries The Last Valley (1970) – Todd-AO (made for 70 mm Cinerama, but never shown in that format) Tron (1982) – Super Panavision 70. Live-action all filmed in color 65mm; CGI sequences filmed in 65mm B&W and composited to a VistaVision intermediate then optically printed back to 70mm IP. Far and Away (1992) – Panavision System 65; segments in Arri 765 and VistaVision Baraka (1992) – Todd-AO, documentary Hamlet (1996) – Panavision System 65; segments in Arri 765 Samsara (2011) – Panavision System 65, documentary (no 70mm prints produced) The Hateful Eight (2015) - Ultra Panavision 70 (the first 70mm Cinerama release since 1970) The Odyssey (2026 film) – IMAX Keighley and IMAX MSM 9802; Panavision Sphero 65 and Hasselblad Lenses; first movie to be shot entirely with IMAX cameras

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Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of 70 mm films

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of 70 mm films claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of 70 mm films before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of 70 mm films ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of 70 mm films

In research: List of 70 mm films appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of 70 mm films in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of 70 mm films is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 70 mm film, Lists of films by technology, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of 70 mm films outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

How to study List of 70 mm films in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of 70 mm films means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is List of 70 mm films in simple terms?

The following movies were filmed using 65mm or 70mm negative stock. Titles are followed by the photographic process(es) employed.

Why does List of 70 mm films matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of 70 mm films?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of 70 mm films.