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List of Buran missions

List of Buran missions is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Buran missions rather than just read about it. In short: The Buran programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to the Space Shuttle programme, an aerodynamic prototype and a number of operational spacecraft were planned for the Buran programme, which were known as "Buran-class orbiters".

List of Buran missions — main illustration
List of Buran missions — illustration

Key takeaways

  • List of Buran missions belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect List of Buran missions to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of List of Buran missions from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Buran programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to the Space Shuttle programme, an aerodynamic prototype and a number of operational spacecraft were planned for the Buran programme, which were known as "Buran-class orbiters".

Test flights

The aerodynamic testbed OK-GLI was constructed in 1984 to test the in-flight properties of the Buran design. Unlike the American prototype Enterprise, OK-GLI had four AL-31 turbofan engines fitted, meaning it was able to fly under its own power. The list does not include taxi tests without takeoffs. All of these missions were landed at the Gromov Flight Research Institute test base.

Launches and orbital flights The first operational orbiter, Buran flew one test mission, designated 1K1, on November 15, 1988 at 6:00:00 Moscow time. The spacecraft was launched uncrewed from and landed at Baikonur Cosmodrome in the Kazakh S.S.R. and flew two orbits, traveling 83,707 km (52,013 mi) in 3 hours, 25 minutes (0.14 flight days). Buran never flew again; the program was cancelled shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In 2002, the Buran orbiter was destroyed by the collapse of the hangar in which it was stored.

Cancelled missions

Planned in 1989

Planned in 1991 Due to shortening of the program and delays in second flight preparations, mission plan for second orbiter included almost all significant test tasks.

automatic docking with Mir's Kristall module crew transfer from Mir to the shuttle, with testing of some of its systems in the course of twenty-four hours, including the remote manipulator undocking and autonomous flight in orbit docking of the crewed Soyuz-TM №101 with the shuttle crew transfer from the Soyuz to the shuttle and onboard work over the course of twenty-four hours automatic undocking and landing

See also List of Space Shuttle missions

References

Bibliography Hendrickx, Bart; Vis, Bert (2007). Energiya-Buran: the Soviet space shuttle. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73984-7. ISBN 9780387739847.

Illustrations

List of Buran missions: Buran spacecraft at an airshow in 1989
Buran spacecraft at an airshow in 1989
List of Buran missions: OK-GLI at an airshow in 1997
OK-GLI at an airshow in 1997

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Buran missions

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Buran missions claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Buran missions before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Buran missions ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Buran missions

In research
List of Buran missions appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses List of Buran missions in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
List of Buran missions is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Buran programme, Lists of space missions, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for List of Buran missions outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of Buran missions in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what List of Buran missions means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain List of Buran missions out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of Buran missions in simple terms?

The Buran programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Similar to the Space Shuttle programme, an aerodynamic prototype and a number of operational spacecraft were planned for the Buran programme, which were known…

Why does List of Buran missions matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of Buran missions?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of Buran missions.

Tags

  • Buran programme
  • Lists of space missions

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