biology

List of Euphorbiaceae genera

List of Euphorbiaceae genera is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Euphorbiaceae genera rather than just read about it. In short: Here is a full taxonomy of the family Euphorbiaceae, according to the most recent molecular research. This complex family previously comprised five subfamilies: the Acalyphoideae, the Crotonoideae, the Euphorbioideae, the Phyllanthoideae and the Oldfieldioideae.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Here is a full taxonomy of the family Euphorbiaceae, according to the most recent molecular research. This complex family previously comprised five subfamilies: the Acalyphoideae, the Crotonoideae, the Euphorbioideae, the Phyllanthoideae and the Oldfieldioideae. The first three are uni-ovulate families, and the last two are bi-ovulate. Now the Euphorbiaceae has been split into five families: The three uni-ovulate subfamilies have become the Euphorbiaceae in the strict sense, with the tribe Galearieae in the Acalyphoideae forming most of the family Pandaceae. Part of the bi-ovulate subfamily Phyllanthoideae has become the family Phyllanthaceae, with the tribe Drypeteae as family Putranjivaceae. The other bi-ovulate subfamily Oldfieldioideae has become the Picrodendraceae. The genera Chaetocarpus, Clutia, Pera, Pogonophora, and Trigonopleura are now placed in family Peraceae. Plants of the World Online places genus Phyllanoa in Euphorbiaceae. Hayden et al. place it in Violaceae.

Subfamily Acalyphoideae

Tribe Acalypheae There are 12 subtribes and 32 genera:

Subtribe Acalyphinae Acalypha L. (synonyms Acalyphes, Acalyphopsis, Calyptrospatha, Caturus, Corythea, Cupameni, Galurus, Gymnalypha, Linostachys, Mercuriastrum, Odonteilema, Paracelsea, Ricinocarpus, Schizogyne, Usteria) Subtribe Adrianinae Adriana Gaudich. (synonyms Meialisa, Trachycaryon) Subtribe Claoxylinae Claoxylon A.Juss. (synonyms Erythrochilus, Erythrochylus) Claoxylopsis Leandri Discoclaoxylon (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. Erythrococca Benth. (synonyms Athroandra, Autrandra, Chloropatane, Deflersia, Poggeophyton, Rivinoides) Micrococca Benth. Subtribe Cleidiinae Cleidion Blume (synonyms Lasiostyles, Psilostachys, Redia, Tetraglossa) Sampantaea Airy Shaw Wetria Baill. (synonyms Pseudotrewia) Subtribe Dysopsidinae Dysopsis Baill. (synonyms Mirabellia, Molina) Subtribe Lasiococcinae Clonostylis S.Moore Homonoia Lour. (synonyms Haematospermum, Lumanaja) Lasiococca Hook.f. Spathiostemon Blume (synonym Polydragma) Subtribe Lobaniliinae Lobanilia Radcl.-Sm. Subtribe Macaranginae Macaranga Thouars (synonyms Adenoceras, Mappa, Mecostylis, Pachystemon, Panopia, Phocea, Tanarius) Subtribe Mareyinae Mareya Baill. Mareyopsis Pax & K.Hoffm. Subtribe Mercurialinae Mercurialis L. (synonyms Cynocrambe, Discoplis, Synema) Leidesia Müll.Arg. Seidelia Baill. Subtribe Ricininae Ricinus L. - castor bean Subtribe Rottlerinae Avellanita Phil. Hancea Seem. (synonyms Boutonia Bojer, Cordemoya Baill., Deuteromallotus Pax & K.Hoffm., Diplochlamys Müll.Arg.) Mallotus Lour. (synonyms Aconceveibum, Axenfeldia, Coelodiscus, Diplochlamys, Echinocroton, Echinus, Hancea, Lasipana, Plagianthera, Rottlera,Stylanthus) Rockinghamia Airy Shaw

Tribe Adelieae There are 6 genera:

Adelia L. (synonym Ricinella) Crotonogynopsis Pax Enriquebeltrania Rzed. (synonym Beltrania) Garciadelia Jestrow & Jiménez Rodr. Lasiocroton Griseb. Leucocroton Griseb.

Tribe Agrostistachydeae There are 4 genera:

Agrostistachys Dalzell (synonyms Heterocalyx, Sarcoclinium) Chondrostylis Boerl. (synonym Kunstlerodendron) Cyttaranthus J.Léonard Pseudagrostistachys Pax & K.Hoffm.

Tribe Alchorneae There are 2 subtribes and 7 genera:

Subtribe Alchorneinae Alchornea Sw. (synonyms Bleekeria, Cladodes, Hermesia, Lepidoturus, Schousboea, Stipellaria) Aparisthmium Endl. Aubletiana J.Murillo Bocquillonia Baill. (synonym Ramelia) Bossera Leandri Orfilea Baill. (synonym Diderotia, Laurembergia) Subtribe Conceveibinae Conceveiba Aubl. (synonyms Conceveibastrum (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. , Gavarretia Baill., Polyandra Leal, and Veconcibea (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.)

Tribe Ampereae There are 2 genera:

Amperea A.Juss. (synonym Leptomeria) Monotaxis Brongn. (synonyms Hippocrepandra, Reissipa)

Tribe Bernardieae There are 6 genera:

Adenophaedra (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. Afrotrewia Pax & K.Hoffm. Amyrea Leandri Bahiana J.F.Carrión Bernardia Houst. ex Mill. (synonyms Alevia, Bernarda, Bernhardia, Bivonia, Passaea, Phaedra, Polyboea, Traganthus, Tyria) Discocleidion Pax & K.Hoffm. Necepsia Prain (synonyms Neopalissya, Palissya) Paranecepsia Prain

Tribe Caryodendreae There are 3 genera:

Alchorneopsis Müll.Arg. Caryodendron H.Karst. (synonym Centrodiscus) Discoglypremna Prain

Tribe Cheiloseae There are 2 genera:

Cheilosa Blume Neoscortechinia Pax (synonym Alcineanthus, Scortechinia)

Tribe Chrozophoreae This tribe has 4 subtribes and 12 genera:

Subtribe Chrozophorinae Chrozophora Neck. ex A.Juss. (synonyms Crossophora, Crozophora, Ricinoides, Tournesol, Tournesolia) Subtribe Ditaxinae Argythamnia P.Browne (synonyms Argithamnia, Argothamnia, Argyrothamnia, Argytamnia, Aphora Nutt., Ditaxis Vahl ex A.Juss., Odotalon Raf., Paxia Herter, Paxiuscula Herter, Serophyton Benth., Stenonia Didr.) Caperonia A.St.-Hil. (synonyms Acanthopyxis, Androphoranthus, Cavanilla, Lepidococea, Meterana) Chiropetalum A.Juss. (synonyms Aonikena, Desfontaena, Desfontaina, Desfontainea) Philyra Klotzsch (synonym Phyllera) Subtribe Doryxylinae Doryxylon Zoll. (synonyms Mercadoa, Sumbavia) Melanolepis Rchb.f. & Zoll. Sumbaviopsis J.J.Sm. (synonyms Adisa, Adisca) Thyrsanthera Pierre ex Gagnep. Subtribe Speranskiinae Speranskia Baill.

Tribe Dicoelieae This tribe has one genus:

Dicoelia Benth.

Tribe Epiprineae There are 2 subtribes and 9 genera:

Subtribe Epiprininae Adenochlaena Boivin ex Baill. (synonyms Niedenzua, Centrostylis) Cephalocroton Hochst. Cephalocrotonopsis Pax Cladogynos Zipp. ex Span. (synonyms Adenogynum, Baprea, Chloradenia) Cleidiocarpon Airy Shaw (synonym Sinopimelodendron) Epiprinus Griff. Koilodepas Hassk. (synonyms Caelodepas, Calpigyne, Coelodepas, Nephrostylus) Tsaiodendron Y.H.Tan, H.Zhu & H.Sun Subtribe Cephalomappinae Cephalomappa Baill. (synonym Muricococcum Chun & F.C.How)

Tribe Erismantheae There are 3 genera:

Erismanthus Wall. ex Müll.Arg. Moultonianthus Merr. Syndyophyllum K.Schum. & Lauterb.

Tribe Omphaleae This tribe only has 1 genus:

Omphalea L. (synonyms Duchola, Hebecocca, Hecatea, Neomphalea, Omphalandria, Ronnowia)

Tribe Plukenetieae There are 3 subtribes and 18 genera:

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Euphorbiaceae genera

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Euphorbiaceae genera claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Euphorbiaceae genera before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Euphorbiaceae genera ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Euphorbiaceae genera

In research: List of Euphorbiaceae genera appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of Euphorbiaceae genera in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of Euphorbiaceae genera is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Euphorbiaceae, Lists of plant genera (alphabetic), Taxonomic lists (genera), so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of Euphorbiaceae genera outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of Euphorbiaceae genera in simple terms?

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Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

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