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List of European species extinct in the Holocene

List of European species extinct in the Holocene is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of European species extinct in the Holocene rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of European species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. This list includes the European continent and its surrounding islands.

List of European species extinct in the Holocene — main illustration
List of European species extinct in the Holocene — illustration

Key takeaways

  • List of European species extinct in the Holocene belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect List of European species extinct in the Holocene to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of List of European species extinct in the Holocene from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of European species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. This list includes the European continent and its surrounding islands. All large islands in the Mediterranean Sea are included except for Cyprus, which is in the List of Asian species extinct in the Holocene. The recently extinct species of the Macaronesian islands in the North Atlantic are listed separately. The three Caucasian republics of Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia are included, even though their territory may fall partially or fully in Asia depending on the definition of Europe considered. Overseas territories, departments, and constituent countries of European countries are not included here; they are found on the lists pertaining to their respective regions. For example, French Polynesia is grouped with Oceania, Martinique is grouped with the West Indies, and Réunion is grouped with Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands, despite all of them being politically part of France. Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.

Mammals (class Mammalia)

Elephant-like mammals (order Proboscidea)

Elephants and mammoths (family Elephantidae)

Lagomorphs (order Lagomorpha)

Rabbits and hares (family Leporidae)

Pikas (family Ochotonidae)

Locally extinct

Rodents (order Rodentia)

Hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice (family Cricetidae)

Old World rats and mice (family Muridae)

Dormice (family Gliridae)

Squirrels (family Sciuridae)

True insectivores (order Eulipotyphla)

True shrews (family Soricidae)

Carnivorans (order Carnivora)

Cats (family Felidae)

Locally extinct

Hyenas (family Hyaenidae)

Dogs (family Canidae)

Martens, polecats, otters, badgers, and weasels (family Mustelidae)

Odd-toed ungulates (order Perissodactyla)

Horses, asses, and zebras (family Equidae)

Locally extinct

Rhinoceroses (family Rhinocerotidae)

Even-toed ungulates (order Artiodactyla)

Right and bowhead whales (family Balaenidae)

Locally extinct

Gray whales (family Eschrichtiidae)

Locally extinct

True deer (family Cervidae)

Locally extinct

Cattle, goats, antelopes, and others (family Bovidae)

Extinct in the wild

Locally extinct

Birds (class Aves)

Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes)

Rails (family Rallidae)

Shorebirds (order Charadriiformes)

Sandpipers (family Scolopacidae)

Auks (family Alcidae)

Buttonquails (family Turnicidae)

Locally extinct

Pelicans, herons, and ibises (order Pelecaniformes)

Ibises and spoonbills (family Threskiornithidae)

Locally extinct

Hawks and relatives (order Accipitriformes)

Hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures (family Accipitridae)

Owls (order Strigiformes)

True owls (family Strigidae)

Locally extinct

Perching birds (order Passeriformes)

Crows and relatives (family Corvidae)

Reptiles (class Reptilia)

Squamates (order Squamata)

Wall lizards (family Lacertidae)

Vipers (family Viperidae)

Locally extinct

Ray-finned fish (class Actinopterygii)

Sturgeons and paddlefishes (order Acipenseriformes)

Sturgeons (family Acipenseridae)

Locally extinct

Carps, barbs, minnows, and allies (order Cypriniformes)

Carps, barbs, and barbels (family Cyprinidae)

True minnows (family Leuciscidae)

Salmon, trout and relatives (order Salmoniformes)

Salmon, trout and relatives (family Salmonidae)

Extinct in the wild

Locally extinct

Lionfishes and sculpins (order Scorpaeniformes)

Sticklebacks (family Gasterosteidae)

Cartilaginous fish (class Chondrichthyes)

Shovelnose rays and allies (order Rhinopristiformes)

Sawfishes (family Pristidae)

Locally extinct

Lampreys and relatives (class Hyperoartia)

Lampreys (order Petromyzontiformes)

Northern lampreys (family Petromyzontidae)

Insects (class Insecta)

Praying mantises (order Mantodea)

Family Amelidae

Bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice (order Psocodea)

Mammal lice (family Trichodectidae)

Possibly extinct

Beetles (order Coleoptera)

Predaceous diving beetles (family Dytiscidae)

Butterflies and moths (order Lepidoptera)

Metalmark butterflies (family Riodinidae)

Cosmet moths (family Cosmopterigidae)

Caddisflies (order Trichoptera)

Net-spinning caddisflies (family Hydropsychidae)

Flies and mosquitos (order Diptera)

Long-legged flies (family Dolichopodidae)

Slugs and snails (class Gastropoda)

Order Littorinimorpha

Mud snails (family Hydrobiidae)

Possibly extinct

Order Stylommatophora

True glass snails (family Zonitidae)

Possibly extinct

Family Parmacellidae

Sea anemones, corals, and zoanthids (class Hexacorallia)

Sea anemones (order Actiniaria)

Family Edwardsiidae

Possibly extinct

Plants (kingdom Plantae)

Lycopods (class Lycopodiopsida)

Quillworts (family Isoetaceae)

Possibly extinct

Flowering plants (clade Angiospermae)

Sunflowers (family Asteraceae)

Broomrapes (family Orobanchaceae)

True grasses (family Poaceae)

Extinct in the wild

Primroses (family Primulaceae)

Extinct in the wild

Violets and pansies (family Violaceae)

See also List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene Holocene extinction Lists of extinct species List of extinct bird species since 1500 Extinct in the wild Lazarus taxon

Notes

References

External links The Extinction Website IUCN Red List of Threatened Species European Union - Nature and Biodiversity

Illustrations

List of European species extinct in the Holocene: Map of Europe
Map of Europe
List of European species extinct in the Holocene illustration
List of European species extinct in the Holocene illustration
List of European species extinct in the Holocene illustration
List of European species extinct in the Holocene illustration

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of European species extinct in the Holocene

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of European species extinct in the Holocene claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of European species extinct in the Holocene before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of European species extinct in the Holocene ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of European species extinct in the Holocene

In research
List of European species extinct in the Holocene appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses List of European species extinct in the Holocene in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
List of European species extinct in the Holocene is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Extinct biota of Europe, Holocene extinctions by region, Lists of animals of Europe, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for List of European species extinct in the Holocene outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study List of European species extinct in the Holocene in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what List of European species extinct in the Holocene means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain List of European species extinct in the Holocene out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of European species extinct in the Holocene in simple terms?

This is a list of European species extinct in the Holocene that covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE) and continues to the present day. This list includes the European continent and its surrounding islands.

Why does List of European species extinct in the Holocene matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of European species extinct in the Holocene?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of European species extinct in the Holocene.

Tags

  • Extinct biota of Europe
  • Holocene extinctions by region
  • Lists of animals of Europe
  • Lists of extinct animals by continent

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