computer science

List of Intel graphics processing units

List of Intel graphics processing units is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Intel graphics processing units rather than just read about it. In short: This article contains information about Intel's GPUs (see Intel Graphics Technology) and motherboard graphics chipsets in table form. In 1982, Intel licensed the NEC μPD7220 and announced it as the Intel 82720 Graphics Display Controller.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

This article contains information about Intel's GPUs (see Intel Graphics Technology) and motherboard graphics chipsets in table form. In 1982, Intel licensed the NEC μPD7220 and announced it as the Intel 82720 Graphics Display Controller.

Gen1

Intel's first generation GPUs:

Gen2 Intel marketed its second generation using the brand Extreme Graphics. These chips added support for texture combiners allowing support for OpenGL 1.3.

Gen3 Intel's first DirectX 9 GPUs with hardware Pixel Shader 2.0 support.

Gen4 The last generation of motherboard integrated graphics. Full hardware DirectX 10 support starting with GMA X3500. Each EU has a 128-bit wide FPU that natively executes four 32-bit operations per clock cycle.

Gen5

Integrated graphics chip moved from motherboard into the processor. Improved gaming performance Can access CPU's cache Each EU has a 128-bit wide FPU that natively executes eight 16-bit or four 32-bit operations per clock cycle. Hierarchical-Z compression and fast Z clear

Gen6

Each EU has a 128-bit wide FPU that natively executes eight 16-bit or four 32-bit operations per clock cycle. Double peak performance per clock cycle compared to previous generation due to fused multiply-add instruction. The entire GPU shares a sampler and an ROP.

Gen7

1 FP32 ALUs : EUs : Subslices Each EU contains 2 × 128-bit FPUs and has double peak performance per clock cycle compared to previous generation. One supports FP32 and FP64, and the other supports only FP32. Since the throughput of FP64 instructions are 2 cycles, the FP64 FLOPS is a quarter of the FP32 FLOPS. Only one of the FPUs supports 32-bit integer instructions. Each Subslice contains 6 or 8 (or 10 in Haswell GPUs) EUs and a sampler, and has 64 KB shared memory.

Gen7.5

Gen8

1 FP32 ALUs : EUs : Subslices Each EU contains 2 x 128-bit FPUs. One supports 32-bit and 64-bit integer, FP16, FP32, FP64, and transcendental math functions, and the other supports only 32-bit and 64-bit integer, FP16 and FP32. Thus the FP16 (or 16-bit integer) FLOPS is twice the FP32 (or 32-bit integer) FLOPS. Since the throughput of FP64 instructions is one per 2 cycles, the FP64 FLOPS is a quarter of the FP32 FLOPS. Each Subslice contains 8 EUs and a sampler (4 tex/clk), and has 64 KB shared memory. Intel Quick Sync Video For Windows 10, the total system memory that is available for graphics use is half the system memory. For Windows 8, it is up to 3840 MB. On Windows 7, it is up to about 1.7 GB through DVMT.

Gen9

1 FP32 ALUs : EUs : Subslices Each EU contains 2 x 128-bit FPUs. One supports 32-bit and 64-bit integer, FP16, FP32, FP64, and transcendental math functions, and the other supports only 32-bit and 64-bit integer, FP16 and FP32. Thus the FP16 (or 16-bit integer) FLOPS is twice the FP32 (or 32-bit integer) FLOPS. Since the throughput of FP64 instructions are 2 cycles, the FP64 FLOPS is a quarter (eighth in Apollo Lake) of the FP32 FLOPS. Each Subslice contains 8 EUs (two of which are disabled in GT1) and a sampler (4 tex/clk), and has 64 KB shared memory. Intel Quick Sync Video For Windows 10, the total system memory that is available for graphics use is half the system memory. For Windows 8, it is up to 3840 MB. On Windows 7, it is up to about 1.7 GB through DVMT. WDDM 2.2 support with Windows Mixed Reality begins with KabyLake-based GPUs.

Gen11

1 FP32 ALUs : EUs : Subslices Each EU contains 2 x 128-bit FPUs. One supports 32-bit and 64-bit integer, FP16, FP32, FP64, and transcendental math functions, and the other supports only 32-bit and 64-bit integer, FP16 and FP32. Thus the FP16 (or 16-bit integer) FLOPS is twice the FP32 (or 32-bit integer) FLOPS. Since the throughput of FP64 instructions are 2 cycles, the FP64 FLOPS is a quarter of the FP32 FLOPS. Each Subslice contains 8 EUs and a sampler (4 tex/clk), and has 64 KB shared memory. Intel Quick Sync Video For Windows 10, the total system memory that is available for graphics use is half the system memory. No eDRAM.

Gen12

Intel Xe is a GPGPU and dGPU product line first released in 2020, in the mobile Tiger Lake line and Rocket Lake line.

1 FP32 ALUs: EUs: Subslices

Gen12.2

Intel Xe is a GPGPU and dGPU product line first released in 2021, in Alder Lake and Raptor Lake line.

Support up to 4 screens 1 FP32 ALUs: EUs: Subslices

Gen 12.5

Gen 12.7

Desktop

Mobile

Workstation

Battlemage based

Desktop

Workstation

PowerVR based

Larrabee based

Larrabee is the codename for a cancelled GPGPU chip that Intel was developing separately from its current line of integrated graphics accelerators. It is named after either Mount Larrabee or Larrabee State Park in the state of Washington. The chip was to be released in 2010 as the core of a consumer 3D graphics card, but these plans were cancelled due to delays and disappointing early performance figures. The project to produce a GPU retail product directly from the Larrabee research project was terminated in May 2010 and its technology was passed on to the Xeon Phi. The Intel MIC multiprocessor architecture announced in 2010 inherited many design elements from the Larrabee project, but does not function as a graphics processing unit; the product is intended as a co-processor for high performance computing.

See also Comparison of Intel processors Intel Arc Intel Quick Sync Video Intel Larrabee GPU List of AMD graphics processing units List of Intel chipsets List of Intel processors List of Nvidia graphics processing units Xeon Phi

Notes Acronyms The following acronyms are used throughout the article. EU: Execution Unit iDCT: Inverse discrete cosine transform iMDCT: Inverse modified discrete cosine transform LF: In-loop deblocking filter MC: Motion compensation VLD: Variable-length code (sometimes referred to as slice-level acceleration) WMV9: Windows Media Video 9 codec Full hardware acceleration techniques Intel graphic processing units employ the following techniques in hardware acceleration of digital video playback.

Calculation The raw performance of integrated GPU, in FLOPS, can be calculated as follows:

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Intel graphics processing units

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Intel graphics processing units claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Intel graphics processing units before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Intel graphics processing units ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Intel graphics processing units

In research: List of Intel graphics processing units appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of Intel graphics processing units in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of Intel graphics processing units is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Computing comparisons, Graphics cards, Graphics processing units, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of Intel graphics processing units outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

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