science

List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries

List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries rather than just read about it. In short: This article lists inventions and discoveries made by scientists with Pakistani nationality within Pakistan and outside the country, post the independence of Pakistan in 1947. Chemistry Development of the world's first workable plastic magnet at room temperature by organic chemist and polymer scientist Naveed Zaidi.

Key takeaways

List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This article lists inventions and discoveries made by scientists with Pakistani nationality within Pakistan and outside the country, post the independence of Pakistan in 1947.

Chemistry Development of the world's first workable plastic magnet at room temperature by organic chemist and polymer scientist Naveed Zaidi.

Physics

Discovery of electroweak interaction by Abdus Salam, along with two Americans Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg. The discovery led them to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics. Abdus Salam who along with Steven Weinberg independently predicted the existence of a subatomic particle now called the Higgs boson, Named after a British physicist who theorized that it endowed other particles with mass. The development of the Standard Model of particle physics by Sheldon Glashow's discovery in 1960 of a way to combine the electromagnetic and weak interactions. In 1967 Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam incorporated the Higgs mechanism into Glashow's electroweak theory, giving it its modern form.

Nuclear energy Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood a Pakistani nuclear engineer developed a device to detect heavy water leaks in nuclear steam cylinders while working at Knapp nuclear power reactor near Karachi in 1972. The device is patent in his name under his initials SBM probe and is widely used in nuclear power plants to date.

Medicine

The Ommaya reservoir - a system for the delivery of drugs (e.g. chemotherapy) into the cerebrospinal fluid for treatment of patients with brain tumours - was developed by Ayub K. Ommaya, a Pakistani neurosurgeon. A non-invasive technology for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) - developed by Faisal Kashif.

Computing

A boot sector computer virus dubbed (c)Brain, one of the first computer viruses in history, was created in 1986 by the Farooq Alvi Brothers in Lahore, Pakistan, reportedly to deter unauthorized copying of the software they had written. Pakistani-Canadian inventor Naweed Syed invented the first Neurochip.

Music The Sagar veena, a string instrument designed for use in classical music, was developed entirely in Pakistan over the last 40 years at the Sanjannagar Institute in Lahore by Raza Kazim.

Economics The Human Development Index was devised by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people centered policies".

Software Engineering Umar Saif created an early epidemic detection system during the 2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan. This helped government officials predict outbreaks before they were going to happen using complex algorithms, and data regarding stagnant water bodies where dengue larvae breed. Government officials could clear the larvae before they could infect people in some cases.

See also Category:Pakistani inventors Science and technology in Pakistan List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization, of the Bronze Age culture that flourished from 3300 to 1300 BCE in what is now Pakistan and India List of Indian inventions and discoveries, covers inventions made in the Indian subcontinent

References

External links applications: Can we invent more than herbal crack cream?, The Express Tribune

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries

In research: List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics History of science and technology in Pakistan, Lists of inventions or discoveries, Pakistan history-related lists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries in simple terms?

This article lists inventions and discoveries made by scientists with Pakistani nationality within Pakistan and outside the country, post the independence of Pakistan in 1947. Chemistry Development of the world's first workable plastic magnet at room temperature by organic chemist and polymer scien…

Why does List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of Pakistani inventions and discoveries.