biology

List of Porina species

List of Porina species is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Porina species rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of species in the fungal genus Porina, which contains lichen-forming fungi. As of August 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 161 species of Porina.

Key takeaways

List of Porina species belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of Porina species to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of Porina species from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of species in the fungal genus Porina, which contains lichen-forming fungi. As of August 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 161 species of Porina.

A Porina abrupta Vězda (2004) Porina adflata Müll.Arg. (1883) Porina africana Müll.Arg. (1880) Porina ahlesiana (Körb.) Zahlbr. (1931) Porina alba (R.Sant.) Lücking (2004) Porina albicera (Kremp.) Overeem & D.Overeem (1922) Porina albida Lücking (2008) Porina albotomentosa Aptroot (2022) – Brazil Porina aluniticola P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina americana Fée (1824) Porina aptrootii P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina arnoldii Poelt & Vězda ex Hafellner & Türk (2001) Porina athertonii Sipman (1991) Porina atlantica (Erichsen) P.M.Jørg. (2000) Porina atriceps (Vain.) Vain. (1921) Porina atropunctata Lücking & Vězda (1998) Porina australiensis (Lücking & Vězda) Lücking (2004) Porina australis P.M.McCarthy & Kantvilas (2017) Porina austroatlantica P.M.McCarthy & Fryday (2009) Porina austropacifica P.M.McCarthy (2000)

B Porina bacillifera Müll.Arg. (1882) Porina barbifera Lücking (2008) Porina bellendenica Müll.Arg. (1891) Porina biroi (Szatala) P.M.McCarthy (2003) Porina blechnicola Lücking, P.M.McCarthy & Kantvilas (2001) Porina boliviana Flakus & Lücking (2008) Porina bonplandii Müll.Arg. (1888) Porina bryophila P.M.McCarthy & Kantvilas (2000)

C Porina canthicarpa P.M.McCarthy (2001) Porina cataractarum Aptroot & Sipman (1993) Porina chloroticula P.M.McCarthy (1995) – Australia Porina chrysophora (Stirt.) R.Sant. (1952) Porina coarctata P.M.McCarthy & H.Harada (2003) Porina collina Orange, Palice & Klepsland (2020) Porina conica R.Sant. (1952) Porina constrictospora P.M.McCarthy & Kantvilas (1993) – Australia Porina coralloidea P.James (1971) Porina corrugata Müll.Arg. (1893) Porina covidii Ertz & Diederich) – Mauritius Porina crassa P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina cubana Vězda ((1984) – Cuba Porina cupreola (Müll.Arg.) F.Schill. (1927)

D Porina danbullensis P.M.McCarthy & Lücking (2010) – Australia Porina decrescens P.M.McCarthy & Kantvilas (1993) – Australia Porina deminuta P.M.McCarthy (2000) – Rarotonga Porina distans Vězda & Vivant (1994) Porina distermina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1922) Porina dolichoepiphylla (2025) – Philippines Porina duduana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz (2014) – Africa Porina dwesica Brusse & C.H.Dickinson (1991) – Africa

E Porina effilata M.Brand & Sérus. (2007) – Macaronesia Porina elixiana P.M.McCarthy & Lücking (2010) – Australia Porina eminentior (Nyl.) P.M.McCarthy (2000) Porina epiphylla Fée (1825) Porina epiphylloides Vězda (1975) Porina exacta Malcolm, P.M.McCarthy & Kantvilas (1995) Porina exocha (Nyl.) P.M.McCarthy (2000) Porina exserta Müll.Arg. (1888)

F Porina farinosa C.Knight (1886) Porina filispora Lücking (2008) Porina flavoaurantiaca P.M.McCarthy (2010) – Australia Porina flavonigra H.Harada (2015) – Japan Porina flavopapillata Rain.Schub. & Lücking (2003) Porina florensii Diederich & Ertz (2020) Porina fluminea P.M.McCarthy & P.N.Johnson (1995) Porina fortunata P.M.McCarthy & Etayo (2002) Porina fulvella Müll.Arg. (1883) Porina fulvelloides Lücking & V.Wirth (2003) Porina fulvula Müll.Arg. (1895)

G Porina glaucopallida Vain. (1915) – Caribbean Porina grandicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1922) Porina griffithsii Ertz & Diederich (2022) – Mauritius Porina gryseelsiana Van den Broeck, Lücking & Ertz (2014) – Africa Porina guianensis Lücking & Vězda (1998)

Porina haehndelii Henssen & Lücking (2008) Porina heterocarpa P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina heterospora (Fink) R.C.Harris (1980) Porina hibernica P.James & Swinscow (1962) Porina hirsuta Aptroot & K.H.Moon (2009) Porina howeana P.M.McCarthy (1997) – Australia Porina huainamdungensis Papong, Thammath. & Lücking (2011) Porina hyperleptalea P.M.McCarthy & Kantvilas (1993) – Australia

I Porina impolita P.M.McCarthy (1994) Porina insueta (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1884) Porina internigrans (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1895) Porina isidiata Kalb & Hafellner (1992) Porina isidioambigua M.Cáceres, M.W.O.Santos & Aptroot (2013)

K Porina kansriae P.M.McCarthy (1999) Porina kantvilasii P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina kennedyensis P.M.McCarthy (2008)

L Porina lectissima (Fr.) Zahlbr. (1922) Porina leptosperma Müll.Arg. (1883) Porina limbulata (Kremp.) Vain. (1921) Porina limitata C.Knight (1886) – Australia Porina linearispora Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013) – Brazil Porina longispora Vězda (1975) Porina lucida R.Sant. (1952)

M Porina macroverrucosa P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina malmei P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina mariae P.M.McCarthy (1997) – Australia Porina mastoidella (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1885) Porina mauritiana Ertz & Diederich) – Mauritius Porina maxispora Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013) – Brazil Porina melanops Malme (1929) – Brazil Porina meridionalis P.M.McCarthy (1994) Porina microcoralloides Ertz, W.B.Sanders, R.Carolis, A.Ríos & Muggia (2023) – Florida, USA Porina microtriseptata Weerakoon & Aptroot (2016) Porina minutissima Henssen, Lücking & Vězda (1998) Porina mirabilis Lücking & Vězda (1998) Porina monilisidiata Weerakoon & Aptroot (2016) Porina morelii Aptroot & Diederich (2017) – Seychelles Porina multipuncta (Coppins & P.James) Ertz, Coppins & Frisch (2019) Porina muluensis P.M.McCarthy & Coppins (1995) Porina muralisidiata Aptroot (2022) – Brazil

N Porina nadkarniae Lücking & Merwin (2008) Porina nanoarbuscula Ertz, W.B.Sanders, R.Carolis, A.Ríos & Muggia (2023) – Florida, USA Porina nigrofusca Müll.Arg. (1883) Porina nitens Müll.Arg. (1893) Porina novemseptatoides Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013) – Brazil Porina nucula Ach. (1814) Porina nuculastrum (Müll.Arg.) R.C.Harris (1995) Porina nuculoides Ertz & Diederich) – Mauritius

O Porina ocellatoides P.M.McCarthy (1997) – Australia Porina ochraceocarpa Sobreira, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016) – Brazil Porina ocoteae M.Brand & Sérus. (2007) – Macaronesia Porina orientalis P.M.McCarthy (1992) Porina otagensis P.M.McCarthy (1999)

P Porina pacifica Brodo (2004) Porina pallescens R.Sant. (1952) Porina pallidocarpa H.Harada (2021) – Japan Porina papuensis P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina partita P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina pelochroa Müll.Arg. (1883) Porina peregrina Tretiach & P.M.McCarthy (2003) Porina perminuta Vain. (1924) Porina pilifera G.Neuwirth (2006) – Costa Rica Porina provincialis (Clauzade & Cl.Roux) Cl.Roux (2003) Porina pseudoapplanata Lücking & M.Cáceres (1999) Porina pseudomalmei Breuss (2002) Porina psilocarpa P.M.McCarthy (1993) Porina purpurata Sobreira, Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2016) – Brazil

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Porina species

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Porina species claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Porina species before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Porina species ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Porina species

In research: List of Porina species appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of Porina species in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of Porina species is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of fungal species, Lists of lichens, Porina, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of Porina species outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of Porina species in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of Porina species means in your own words.
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Frequently asked questions

What is List of Porina species in simple terms?

This is a list of species in the fungal genus Porina, which contains lichen-forming fungi. As of August 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 161 species of Porina.

Why does List of Porina species matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of Porina species?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of Porina species.