biology

List of Red Lists

List of Red Lists is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Red Lists rather than just read about it. In short: This list is of Red Lists, Red Data Books, and related initiatives that assess and document the extinction risk of species, whether on an international or more local level (regional Red Lists). The IUCN has published a set of Guidelines for Application of the IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels and at least 113 countries have produced their own Red Lists.

Key takeaways

List of Red Lists belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of Red Lists to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of Red Lists from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This list is of Red Lists, Red Data Books, and related initiatives that assess and document the extinction risk of species, whether on an international or more local level (regional Red Lists). The IUCN has published a set of Guidelines for Application of the IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels and at least 113 countries have produced their own Red Lists. Below, where a particular article or set of articles on a foreign-language Wikipedia provides fuller coverage, a link is provided.

International International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN Red List European Union

European Red List

Angola Angola: Lista Vermelha de Espécies de Angola, published by the Ministério do Ambiente

Armenia Armenia: ԿԱՐՄԻՐ ԳԻՐՔ, published by the Ministry of Environment; Armenian: Հայաստանի Կարմիր գիրք

Australia Australia: Species Profile and Threats Database, published by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan: Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Qırmızı Kitabı

Belarus Belarus: Belarusian: Чырвоная кніга Рэспублікі Беларусь

Brazil Brazil: Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção, published by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation

Bulgaria Bulgaria: Червена книга на Република България (Red Data Book of the Republic of Bulgaria), published by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Environment and Water; Bulgarian: Червена книга на Република България

Canada Canada: Species at risk public registry, published by the Government of Canada

China China: 中国生物多样性红色名录, published by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment: 脊椎动物卷 (vertebrates) 高等植物卷 (higher plants); 中国生物多样性红色名录脊椎动物第一卷哺乳动物 (Mammals); cf. Chinese: 国家重点保护野生动物名录, 国家重点保护野生植物名录

Colombia Colombia: Libros Rojos, published by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

Czech Republic Czech: Červené seznamy, published by the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic; Czech: Stupeň ohrožení v Česku

Denmark Denmark: Den danske Rødliste, published by Aarhus University; Danish: Den danske rødliste

Finland Finland: Suomen lajien uhanalaisuus – Punainen kirja, jointly published by the Ministry of the Environment; Web Service of the Red List of Finnish Species, published on the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility

France France: La Liste rouge des espèces menacées en France; Inventaire national du patrimoine naturel, published by the National Museum of Natural History

Germany Germany: German: Rote Liste gefährdeter Tiere, Pflanzen und Pilze Deutschlands

Greece Greece: Το Κόκκινο Βιβλίο των Απειλούμενων Ζώων της Ελλάδας, published by the Hellenic Zoological Society; Greek: Κόκκινο Βιβλίο των Απειλούμενων Σπονδυλόζωων της Ελλάδας

Iceland Iceland: Válistar published by the Icelandic Institute of Natural History; Icelandic: Válisti

Ireland Ireland: Ireland Red List, published by the National Parks and Wildlife Service, made by a collaboration between the NPWS, the Northern Ireland Environment Agency, and the National Biological Data Centres North and South.

Italy Italy: Liste Rosse Nazionali, published by the Ministry of the Ecological Transition

Japan Japan: Ministry of the Environment Red List

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan: Kazakh: Қазақстанның Қызыл кітабы

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan: Кыргыз Республикасынын Кызыл китеби; Russian: Красная книга Киргизской Республики

Latvia Latvia: Latvian: Latvijas Sarkanā grāmata

Lithuania Lithuania: Lithuanian: Lietuvos raudonoji knyga

Moldova Moldova: Cartea roșie a Republicii Moldova, published by the Academy of Sciences of Moldova and Ministry of Environment; Romanian: Cartea Roșie a Republicii Moldova

Netherlands Netherlands: Dutch: Rode lijsten

New Zealand New Zealand: New Zealand Threat Classification System, published by the Department of Conservation

Nicaragua Nicaragua: Lista Roja, Especies en Alto Riesgo

Norway Norway: Norsk rødliste for arter, published by Artsdatabanken; Norwegian: Norsk rødliste for arter

Philippines Philippines: National List of Threatened Fauna, maintained by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Poland Poland: Polska Czerwona Księga Zwierząt; Polska Czerwona Księga Roślin; Polish: Polska czerwona księga zwierząt, Polska czerwona księga roślin

Russia Russia: Red Data Book of the Russian Federation; also by Federal subject — Sakhalin Oblast: Красная Книга Сахалинской области: Животные / Растения и грибы; Category:Красные книги по субъектам Российской Федерации

South Africa South Africa: Red List of South African Plants, published by the South African National Biodiversity Institute.

South Korea South Korea: 한국의 멸종위기 야생동·식물 적색자료집, published by the Ministry of Environment and National Institute of Biological Resources (Red Data Book 1 = Birds 조류, 2 = Amphibians and Reptiles 양서류·파충류, 3 = Fish 어류, 4 = Mammals 포유동물, 5 = Vascular Plants 관속식물); Korean: 대한민국의 멸종위기 야생 동·식물

Spain Spain: Libro rojo de los vertebrados de España, Atlas y libro rojo de la flora vascular amenazada de España, published by the Ministry of Environment

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka, published by the Ministry of Environment

Sweden Sweden: Rödlistade arter i Sverige, published by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU Artdatabanken) Swedish: Rödlistade arter i Sverige

Switzerland Switzerland: Rote Listen: Gefährdete Arten der Schweiz, published by the Federal Office for the Environment; cf. German: Blaue Liste der erfolgreich erhaltenen oder geförderten Tier- und Pflanzenarten

Taiwan Taiwan: 紅皮書名錄, published by the Endemic Species Research Institute and Forestry Bureau; (Red List 1 = birds 臺灣鳥類紅皮書名錄, 2 = terrestrial reptiles 臺灣陸域爬行類紅皮書名錄, 3 = amphibians 臺灣兩棲類紅皮書名錄, 4 = freshwater fishes 臺灣淡水魚類紅皮書名錄, 5 = terrestrial mammals 臺灣陸域哺乳類紅皮書名錄, 6 = vascular plants 臺灣維管束植物紅皮書名錄)

Tajikistan Tajikistan: Tajik: Китоби сурхи Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan: Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl Kitaby, published by the Ministry of Nature Protection; Russian: Красная книга Туркменистана

Ukraine Ukraine: Red Data Book of Ukraine

United Kingdom United Kingdom: Conservation designations for UK taxa, published by the JNCC

United States of America USA: Federal Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants, published by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan: O'zbekiston Respublikasining Qizil kitobi; Russian: Красная книга Узбекистана

Vietnam Vietnam: Vietnam's Red Data Book

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Red Lists

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Red Lists claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Red Lists before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Red Lists ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Red Lists

In research: List of Red Lists appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of Red Lists in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of Red Lists is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Biological databases, Biota by conservation status system, Environment-related lists by country, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of Red Lists outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of Red Lists in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of Red Lists means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of Red Lists out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of Red Lists in simple terms?

Why does List of Red Lists matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of Red Lists?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of Red Lists.