biology

List of Sapindaceae genera

List of Sapindaceae genera is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Sapindaceae genera rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of genera in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which includes the soapberries (Sapindus), maples (Acer), and paullinias, amongst others. As currently circumscribed, the family contains approximatively 1900 species into over 140 genera classified into 4 subfamilies.

Key takeaways

List of Sapindaceae genera belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of Sapindaceae genera to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of Sapindaceae genera from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of genera in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which includes the soapberries (Sapindus), maples (Acer), and paullinias, amongst others. As currently circumscribed, the family contains approximatively 1900 species into over 140 genera classified into 4 subfamilies.

Phylogeny and circumscription The circumscription of Sapindaceae encompasses the former Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae families as tribes in subfamily Hippocastanoideae. Although the classification at subfamilial level is fairly well-established, the circumscription at tribal and generic level remains only partially resolved, especially in the larger subfamily Sapindoideae, which has led the most recent revision to treat the majority of these genera without placing them in a tribe. Another recent study hints at even more incongruity between traditional circumscription and molecular evidence. Changes have included the synonymization of Distichostemon with Dodonaea, and Neotina and Tinopsis with Tina. Additionally, not all authors agree about the broad circumscription that ensues from placing Xanthoceras as the sister group to the three traditional families as the resulting Sapindaceae sensu lato, unlike the traditional families, is difficult to characterize. As a result, the elevation of Xanthoceroideae to family level was proposed, which would have removed six genera from Sapindaceae and Hippocastanoideae. This list follows the updated classification of Buerki et al.

Subfamily Dodonaeoideae

Tribe Dodonaeae (Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Dodonaea Mill.

Tribe Doratoxyleae Radlk. 1890. Type genus: Doratoxylon Thouars ex Hook.f.

Incertae sedis †Wehrwolfea Erwin & Stockey (1; Ypresian, Princeton Chert)

Subfamily Hippocastanoideae

Tribe Acereae (Durande) Dumort. (1827). Type genus: Acer L.

Acer L. (120+; Northern hemisphere) Dipteronia Oliv. (2; China)

Tribe Hippocastaneae (DC.) Dumort. (1827). Type genus: Aesculus L.

Aesculus L. (13; Temperate Northern hemisphere) Billia Peyr. (2; Mexico to South America) Handeliodendron Rehder (1; China)

Subfamily Sapindoideae

Tribe Athyaneae Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type genus: Athyana (Griseb.) Radlk.

Athyana Radlk. (1; Peru, Bolivia, Argentina) Diatenopteryx Radlk. (2; Southern South America)

Tribe Blomieae Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Blomia Miranda

Blomia Miranda (1; Mexico, Guatemala and Belize)

Tribe Bridgesieae Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type genus: Bridgesia Bertero ex Cambess.

Bridgesia Bertero ex Cambess. (1; Chile)

Tribe Cupanieae Blume (1857). Type genus: Cupania L.

Tribe Guindilieae Buerki, Callm. & Acev.‐Rodr. (2021). Type genus: Guindilia Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Guindilia Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. (3; Southern South America)

Tribe Haplocoeleae Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Haplocoelum Radlk.

Blighiopsis Van der Veken (1; Central Africa) Haplocoelum Radlk. (c. 7; Tropical Africa and Madagascar)

Tribe Koelreuterieae Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Koelreuteria Laxm.

Erythrophysa E.Mey. ex Arn. (5; South Africa, Madagascar) Koelreuteria Laxm. (c. 4; Eastern Asia) Stocksia Benth. (1; Near East, Afghanistan)

Tribe Melicocceae Blume (1847). Type genus: Melicoccus P.Browne

Dilodendron Radlk. (3; Neotropical) Melicoccus P.Browne (10; Dominican Republic, South America) Talisia Aubl. (52; Southern Mexico to South America) Tripterodendron Radlk. (1; Brazil)

Tribe Nephelieae Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Nephelium L.

Aporrhiza Radlk. (4–6; Tropical Africa) Blighia K.D.Koenig (3; Tropical Africa) Chytranthus Hook.f. (25+; Western tropical Africa) Cubilia Blume (1; Malesia) Dimocarpus Lour. (6; Southern Asia to Australia) Glenniea Hook.f. (8; Paleotropical) Haplocoelopsis F.G.Davies (1; Central and East Africa) Laccodiscus Radlk. (c. 6; West Africa) Litchi Sonn. (1; Southeastern China to Malesia) Nephelium L. (c. 16; Southeastern Asia to Malesia) Otonephelium Radlk. (1; Southern India) Pancovia Willd. (10–12; West Africa) Placodiscus Radlk. (c. 10; Tropical Africa) Pometia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (2; India and Pacific Islands) Radlkofera Gilg (1; Western Africa) Xerospermum Blume (2; Bangladesh, Indochina to Eastern Malesia)

Tribe Paullinieae (Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Paullinia L.

Cardiospermum L. (15; Pantropical) Lophostigma Radlk. (2; Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia) Paullinia L. (c. 190; Neotropics & Africa) Serjania Mill. (c. 230; Neotropics) Thinouia Triana & Planch. (c. 12; Central and South America) Urvillea Kunth (c. 15; Central and South America)

Tribe Sapindeae (Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Sapindus L.

Alatococcus Acev.-Rodr. (1; Brazil) Atalaya Blume (12; South Africa, Australia, Malesia) Deinbollia Schumach. (c. 38; Southern Africa, Madagascar, Mascarene) Eriocoelum Hook.f. (10+; Tropical Africa) Hornea Baker (1; Mauritius) Lepisanthes Blume (c. 24; Paleotropics, Australia) Porocystis Radlk. (2; Brazil, French Guiana) Pseudima Radlk. (1; Continental neotropics) Sapindus L. (c. 10; Circumtropical) Thouinidium radlk. (6;| Central America & Greater Antilles) Toulicia Aubl. (12; South America) Tristira Radlk. (1;| Philippines, Moluccas, Celebes) Zollingeria Kurz (3-4; Indochina, Borneo)

Tribe Schleichereae Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Schleichera Willd.

Amesiodendron Hu (1–3; Southern China to Sumatra) Paranephelium Miq. (4; Yunnan to Malesia) Pavieasia Pierre (1–3; China) Phyllotrichum Thorel ex Lecomte (1; Laos) Schleichera Willd. (1; Sri Lanka and India to Malesia) Sisyrolepis Radlk. (1; Thailand & Cambodia)

Tribe Stadmanieae Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Stadtmannia Lam. ex. Poir.

Beguea Capuron (1; Madagascar) Camptolepis Radlk. (4; East Africa, Madagascar) Chouxia Capuron (6; Madagascar) Gereaua (Capuron) Buerki & Callm. (1; Madagascar) Macphersonia Blume (8; Aldabra, Madagascar, West Tropical Africa) Pappea Eckl. & Zeyh. (1; Southern Africa) Plagioscyphus Radlk. (c. 10; Madagascar) Pseudopteris Baill. (3; Madagascar) Stadtmannia Lam. (6; East Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius) Tsingya Capuron (1; Madagascar)

Tribe Thouiniaeae Blume (1847). Type genus: Thouinia Poit.

Allophylastrum Acev.-Rodr. (1; Brazil, Guyana) Allophylus L.(211; Pantropical) Thouinia Poit. (c. 30; West indies, Central America)

Tribe Tristiropsideae Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Tristiropsis Radlk.

Tristiropsis Radlk. (3; Malesia & Australasia)

Tribe Ungnadieae Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Ungnadia Endl.

Delavaya Franch. (1; China) Ungnadia Endl. (1; Mexico, Texas)

Subfamily Xanthoceratoideae Xanthoceras Bunge (1; China)

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Sapindaceae genera

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Sapindaceae genera claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Sapindaceae genera before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Sapindaceae genera ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Sapindaceae genera

In research: List of Sapindaceae genera appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of Sapindaceae genera in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of Sapindaceae genera is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of plant genera (alphabetic), Sapindaceae, Sapindaceae genera, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of Sapindaceae genera outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “List of Sapindaceae genera” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study List of Sapindaceae genera in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of Sapindaceae genera means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of Sapindaceae genera out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of Sapindaceae genera in simple terms?

Why does List of Sapindaceae genera matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of Sapindaceae genera?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of Sapindaceae genera.