computer science

List of Soviet computer systems

List of Soviet computer systems is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Soviet computer systems rather than just read about it. In short: This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

Key takeaways

List of Soviet computer systems belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of Soviet computer systems to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of Soviet computer systems from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

List of hardware The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

Ministry of Radio Technology

Computer systems from the Ministry of Radio Technology:

Agat (Агат) — Apple II clone ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ), IBM mainframe clone ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ), IBM PC compatible M series — series of mainframes and mini-computers Minsk (Минск) Poisk (Поиск) — IBM PC-XT clone Setun (Сетунь) — unique balanced ternary computer. Strela (Стрела) Ural (Урал) — mainframe series Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц)

Ministry of Instrument Making

Computer systems from the Ministry of Instrument Making:

Aragats (Арагац) Iskra (Искра) — common name for many computers with different architecture Iskra-1030 — Intel 8086 XT clone KVM-1 (КВМ-1) SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) — most models were PDP-11 clones, while some others were HP 2100, VAX or Intel compatible

Ministry of the Electronics Industry Computer systems from the Ministry of Electronics Industry:

Elektronika (Электроника) family DVK family (ДВК) — PDP-11 clones Elektronika BK-0010 (БК-0010, БК-0011) — LSI-11 clone home computer UKNC (УКНЦ) — educational, PDP11-like Elektronika 60, Elektronika 100 Elektronika 85 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 350 (F11) Elektronika 85.1 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 380 (J11) Elektronika D3-28 Elektronika SS BIS (Электроника СС БИС) — Cray clone

Soviet Academy of Sciences

BESM (БЭСМ) — series of mainframes Besta (Беста) — Unix box, Motorola 68020-based, Sun-3 clone Elbrus (Эльбрус) — high-end mainframe series Kronos (Кронос) MESM (МЭСМ) — first Soviet Union computer (1950) M-1 — one of the earliest stored program computers (1950–1951)

ZX Spectrum clones

ATM Turbo Byte Blic Dubna 48K – running at half the speed of the original Hobbit Pentagon Radon 'Z' Scorpion

Other 5E** (5Э**) series – military computers 5E51 (5Э51) 5E53 (5Э53) 5E76 (5Э76) – IBM/360 clone, military version 5E92 (5Э92) 5E92b (5Э92б) A series — ES EVM-compatible military computers Argon — a series of military real-time computers AS-6 (АС-6) – multiprocessor computing complex, name is Russian abbreviation for "Connection Equipment – 6" Dnepr (Днепр) GVS-100 (ГВС-100, Гибридная Вичислителная Система) – Hybrid Computer System Irisha (Ириша) Juku (Юку) — Estonian school computer Kiev (Киев) Korvet (Корвет) Krista (Криста) Micro-80 (Микро-80) — experimental PC, based on 8080-compatible processor Microsha (Микроша) — modification of Radio-86RK MIR, МИР (uk:ЕОМ "МИР-1", uk:ЕОМ "МИР-2") Nairi (Наири) Orion-128 (Орион-128) Promin (Проминь) PS-2000, PS-3000 – multiprocessor supercomputers in the 1980s Razdan (Раздан) Radon — real-time computer, designed for anti-aircraft defense Radio-86RK — simplified and modified version of Micro-80 Sneg (Снег) Specialist (Специалист) SVS TsUM-1 (ЦУМ-1) TIA-MC-1 An arcade system UM (УМ) UT-88 Vesna and Sneg — early mainframes

List of operating systems For Kronos Kronos For BESM D-68 (Д-68, Диспетчер-68, Dispatcher-68) DISPAK ("Диспетчер Пакетов," Dispatcher of the Packets) DUBNA ("ДУБНА") For ES EVM DOS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM") OS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM") For SM EVM RAFOS (РАФОС), FOBOS (ФОБОС) and FODOS (ФОДОС) — RT-11 clones OSRV (ОСРВ) — RSX-11M clone, one of the most popular Soviet multi-user systems DEMOS — BSD-based Unix-like; later was ported to x86 and some other architectures INMOS (ИНМОС, Инструментальная мобильная операционная система) For 8-bit microcomputers MicroDOS (МикроДОС) — CP/M 2.2 clone For ZX Spectrum clones iS-DOS, TASiS DNA-OS For different platforms MISS (Multipurpose Interactive timeSharing System) – ES EVM ES1010, ES EVM ES1045, D3-28M, PC-compatible, etc. MOS (operating system) – a Soviet clone of Unix in the 1980s

See also History of computing in the Soviet Union List of Soviet microprocessors List of Russian IT developers List of Russian microprocessors Internet in Russia

References

External links Russian Virtual Computer Museum Museum of the USSR Computers history Pioneers of Soviet Computing Archive software and documentation for Soviet computers UK-NC, DVK and BK0010. Media related to Soviet computer systems at Wikimedia Commons

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Soviet computer systems

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Soviet computer systems claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Soviet computer systems before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Soviet computer systems ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Soviet computer systems

In research: List of Soviet computer systems appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of Soviet computer systems in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of Soviet computer systems is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of computer hardware, Soviet computer systems, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of Soviet computer systems outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of Soviet computer systems in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of Soviet computer systems means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is List of Soviet computer systems in simple terms?

Why does List of Soviet computer systems matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of Soviet computer systems?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of Soviet computer systems.