science

List of Space Shuttle crews

List of Space Shuttle crews is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of Space Shuttle crews rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of persons who served aboard Space Shuttles, arranged in chronological order by Space Shuttle missions. Abbreviations: PC = Payload Commander MSE = USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Mir = Launched to be part of the crew of the Mir Space Station ISS = Launched to be part of the crew of the International Space Station.

Key takeaways

List of Space Shuttle crews belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of Space Shuttle crews to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of Space Shuttle crews from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of persons who served aboard Space Shuttles, arranged in chronological order by Space Shuttle missions. Abbreviations:

PC = Payload Commander MSE = USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Mir = Launched to be part of the crew of the Mir Space Station ISS = Launched to be part of the crew of the International Space Station. Names of astronauts returning from the Mir or ISS on the Space Shuttle are shown in italics. They did not have specific crew roles, but are listed in the Payload Specialist columns for reasons of space. Only two flights have carried more than seven crew members for either launch or landing. STS-61-A in 1985 is the only flight to have both launched and landed with a crew of eight, and STS-71 in 1995 is the only other flight to have landed with a crew of eight.

1977

* Note 1: In this year, Approach and Landing Tests (ALT) were accomplished. These were atmospheric only, non-spaceflight tests from a Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, both with the orbiter attached and for a series of drop-test flights. ** Note 2: The durations listed count only the orbiter free-flight time, and not total time aloft along with airborne time atop of the 747 SCA. *** Note 3: Flights with the orbiter attached to the SCA for the duration, but both crewed and powered to test crew procedures and orbiter systems.

1981–1985

1986–1990

1991–1995

1996–2000

2001–2005

2006–2011

See also List of Space Shuttle missions Space Shuttle program

Notes

External links Spacefacts.de - List of crews scheduled for future human spaceflight

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of Space Shuttle crews

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of Space Shuttle crews claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of Space Shuttle crews before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of Space Shuttle crews ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of Space Shuttle crews

In research: List of Space Shuttle crews appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of Space Shuttle crews in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of Space Shuttle crews is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Astronauts by space program, Lists of astronauts, Space Shuttle-related lists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of Space Shuttle crews outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of Space Shuttle crews in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of Space Shuttle crews means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of Space Shuttle crews out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of Space Shuttle crews in simple terms?

This is a list of persons who served aboard Space Shuttles, arranged in chronological order by Space Shuttle missions. Abbreviations: PC = Payload Commander MSE = USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Mir = Launched to be part of the crew of the Mir Space Station ISS = Launched to be part of the crew of…

Why does List of Space Shuttle crews matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of Space Shuttle crews?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of Space Shuttle crews.