science

List of abbreviations used in sanitation

List of abbreviations used in sanitation is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of abbreviations used in sanitation rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in the sanitation sector or more broadly in the WASH sector. A AA - Activated alumina ADB - Asian Development Bank ABR - Anaerobic baffled reactor - improved septic tank with baffles, see also Anaerobic digestion and DEWATS ACP - Anaerobic contact process AD - Anaerobic digestion AF - Anaerobic filters, see also Anaerobic digestion AfDB - African Development…

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Reference excerpt

This is a list of abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in the sanitation sector or more broadly in the WASH sector.

A AA - Activated alumina ADB - Asian Development Bank ABR - Anaerobic baffled reactor - improved septic tank with baffles, see also Anaerobic digestion and DEWATS ACP - Anaerobic contact process AD - Anaerobic digestion AF - Anaerobic filters, see also Anaerobic digestion AfDB - African Development Bank AfWA - African Water Association AIT - Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok, Thailand aka or a.k.a. - "also known as" AMCOW - African Ministers Council on Water As - Arsenic ATS - Aerobic treatment system AusAID - Australian Agency for International Development AWF - African Water Facility, an initiative of the African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW), hosted and administered by African Development Bank (AfDB)

B BCC - Behavioral change communication BMGF - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation BMZ - Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development BOD or BOD5 - Biological oxygen demand (measured for five days) BOP or BoP - Bottom of the pyramid (or base of the pyramid) BOT - Build-operate-transfer BSF - Black soldier fly or Biosand filter BSFL - Black soldier fly larvae

C cap - capita, as per capita (or per person) CAPEX - Capital expenditure CATS - Community approaches to total sanitation, a term coined by UNICEF CBO - Community-based organization CBOD - Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand CBS - Container-based sanitation CCT - Conditional cash transfer CHC - Community Health Clubs CHP - Combined heat and power CLTS - Community-led total sanitation CLUES - Community Led Urban Environmental Sanitation CFU - Colony-forming unit COD - Controlled open defecation COD - Chemical oxygen demand CoP - Community of practice CP - Contact precipitation, see precipitation CSO - Combined sewer overflow or Civil Society Organization (same as Non-governmental organization) CSR - Corporate social responsibility CW - Constructed wetland

D DALY - Disability-adjusted life year DEWATS - Decentralized wastewater treatment system DFID - Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid DO - Dissolved oxygen DRC - Democratic Republic of the Congo DRR - Disaster risk reduction

E Ecosan - Ecological sanitation EC - Electrical conductivity Eh - Redox potential EIA - Environmental impact assessment EM - Effective microorganisms EN - European standards (the N stands for Normalisation in French), e.g. EN 12566 EPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency EPS - Extracellular polymeric substances EQND - Equality and nondiscrimination ESARO - East and Southern Africa Region EU - European Union

F FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAQ - Frequently asked questions FC - Fecal coliforms FECR - Fecal egg count reduction; closest article is on anthelmintic FFS (or F4S) - Fit for School FGD - Focus group discussion; closest article may be Qualitative psychological research FGM - Female genital mutilation FOAM - Focus on Opportunity, Ability and Motivation FS - Fecal (or faecal) sludge; closest article is septage FSM - Fecal (or faecal) sludge management FSSM - Fecal sludge and septage management FSTP - Fecal sludge treatment plant FTI - Faecally-transmitted infections; closest article is fecal–oral transmission

G GAP - Good agricultural practices GHG - Greenhouse gases GIZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GLAAS - UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water GPS - Global positioning system GSF - Global sanitation fund, closest page is Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council

H HACCP - Hazard analysis and critical control points hab. - inhabitant or user, used in design parameters of wastewater treatment, e.g. 60 g BOD/hab. HAI - Hospital-acquired infection HCF - Health care facility HEDF - Human excreta derived fertiliser (see reuse of excreta) HEW - Health Extension Worker HH - Household HIA - Health impact assessment HQ - Headquarters HRWS - Human right to water and sanitation HWF - Handwashing facility

I ICT - Information and communications technology IDP - Internally displaced person, often used as "IDP camp" IEC - Information, education, communication; closest article may be Behavior change (public health) INR - Indian rupee, currency in India IWRM - Integrated water resources management

J JMP - Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF

K KAP - Knowledge, attitude and practice kL (or Kl) - Kilo liters (or 1000 liters, same as 1 cubic meter) KM - Knowledge management Ksh - Kenyan shilling, currency in Kenya KVIP - Kumasi ventilated-improved pit, closest article is Pit latrine

L L - Lakh, used for one hundred thousand in India L - Liter (or litre in British English spelling) LCC - Life-cycle cost, see Whole-life cost or Life-cycle cost analysis LCCA - Life-cycle cost analysis LGA - Local government area LMICs - Low and middle income countries LNOB - Leave no one behind lpcd - Liters per capita per day (liters per person per day), e.g. for daily wastewater flowrate

M MBBR - Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor MBR - Membrane bioreactor MCA - Multiple criteria analysis, see Multiple-criteria decision analysis MCDA - Multiple-criteria decision analysis MDA - Mass drug administration MDG - Millennium Development Goal M&E - Monitoring and evaluation MENA - Middle East and North Africa MFC - Microbial fuel cell MFI - Microfinance institution mg - Milligram μg - Microgram MHM - Menstrual hygiene management ML - Megaliter or 1 million liter or 1000 cubic meters MLD - Million liters per day MOH - Ministry of health (see also List of health departments and ministries) MOOC - Massive open online course MOS - Manual of style MoU - Memorandum of understanding MoUD - Ministry of Urban Development MSW - Municipal solid waste

N NBA - Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in India, formerly called "Total Sanitation Campaign" (TSC) - not to be confused with CLTS NGO - Non-governmental organization NIMBY - Not In My Back Yard NRW - Non-revenue water NSS - Non-sewered sanitation (similar term to fecal sludge management) NTDs - Neglected tropical diseases

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of abbreviations used in sanitation

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of abbreviations used in sanitation claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of abbreviations used in sanitation before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of abbreviations used in sanitation ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of abbreviations used in sanitation

In research: List of abbreviations used in sanitation appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of abbreviations used in sanitation in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of abbreviations used in sanitation is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of abbreviations, Sanitation, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of abbreviations used in sanitation outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of abbreviations used in sanitation in simple terms?

This is a list of abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in the sanitation sector or more broadly in the WASH sector. A AA - Activated alumina ADB - Asian Development Bank ABR - Anaerobic baffled reactor - improved septic tank with baffles, see also Anaerobic digestion and DEWATS ACP - Anaerobic…

Why does List of abbreviations used in sanitation matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of abbreviations used in sanitation?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of abbreviations used in sanitation.