science

List of animal classes

List of animal classes is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of animal classes rather than just read about it. In short: The following is a list of the classes in each phylum of the kingdom Animalia. There are 105 classes of animals in 24 phyla in this list (the phyla Entoprocta, Gastrotricha, Gnathostomulida, Loricifera, Micrognathozoa, Onychophora, Orthonectida and Phoronida contain no classes, nor does the subphylum Xenoturbellida).

Key takeaways

List of animal classes belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of animal classes to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of animal classes from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The following is a list of the classes in each phylum of the kingdom Animalia. There are 105 classes of animals in 24 phyla in this list (the phyla Entoprocta, Gastrotricha, Gnathostomulida, Loricifera, Micrognathozoa, Onychophora, Orthonectida and Phoronida contain no classes, nor does the subphylum Xenoturbellida). However, different sources give different numbers of classes and phyla. For example, Protura, Diplura, and Collembola are often considered to be the three orders in the class Entognatha. This list should by no means be considered complete and authoritative and should be used carefully.

Annelida (segmented worms) Polychaeta (bristle worms, paraphyletic with respect to Clitellata and Sipuncula) Clitellata (earthworms, leeches) Sipuncula (peanut worms)

Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, centipedes and others)

Chelicerata Source:

Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, and kin) Merostomata (horseshoe crabs) Pycnogonida (sea spiders)

Myriapoda Source:

Chilopoda (centipedes) Diplopoda (millipedes) Pauropoda Symphyla (pseudocentipedes)

Pancrustacea Source:

Ostracoda (seed shrimp) Mystacocarida Ichthyostraca (tongue worms and fish lice) Copepoda Malacostraca (crabs, lobsters, crayfish, krill, various shrimp, woodlice, and kin) Tantulocarida Thecostraca (barnacles) Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimp) Branchiopoda (fairy shrimp, tadpole shrimp, water fleas, and clam shrimp) Remipedia

Hexapoda Source:

Entognatha (coneheads, two-pronged bristletails and springtails. paraphyletic with respect to insects) Insecta (insects)

Brachiopoda (lamp shells) Lingulata Craniata Rhynchonellata

Bryozoa (moss animals) Gymnolaemata Phylactolaemata Stenolaemata

Chaetognatha (arrow worms) Sagittoidea

Chordata (vertebrates, tunicates, and lancelets)

Cephalochordata Leptocardii (lancelet)

Tunicata Appendicularia (larvaceans) Ascidiacea (sea squirts, paraphyletic with respect to Thaliacea) Thaliacea (salps, pyrosomes, and doliolids)

Vertebrata

Cyclostomata (jawless fish) Myxini (hagfish) Petromyzontida (lamprey)

Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish: chimeras, sharks and rays) Osteichthyes Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish, which includes most familiar bony fish) Sarcopterygii Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfish) Tetrapoda Amphibia (amphibians) Amniota Mammalia (mammals) Aves (birds) Reptilia (reptiles, paraphyletic with respect to Aves)

Cnidaria (marine stinging animals)

Anthozoa (corals and sea anemones) Octocorallia Hexacorallia

Medusozoa (jellyfish and hydrozoans) Cubozoa (box jellyfish) Hydrozoa (hydroids) Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) Staurozoa (stalked jellyfish)

Endocnidozoa (marine parasites) Myxozoa Polypodiozoa

Ctenophora (comb jellies) Tentaculata Nuda (beroids)

Cycliophora (tiny marine animals) Eucycliophora

Dicyemida (rhombozoa) Rhombozoa

Echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lilies, and others)

Crinozoa Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)

Asterozoa Asteroidea (sea star) Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)

Echinozoa Echinoidea (sea urchins) Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)

Hemichordata Enteropneusta (acorn worms) Pterobranchia Planctosphaeroidea

Kinorhyncha (mud dragons) Allomalorhagida Cyclorhagida

Mollusca (mollusks) Solenogastres Caudofoveata Bivalvia (clams, cockles, mussels, oysters and scallops) Cephalopoda (octopuses, squids, cuttlefish and nautiluses) Gastropoda (snails and slugs) Monoplacophora Polyplacophora (chitons, or sea cradles) Scaphopoda (tusk shells)

Nematoda (roundworms) Chromadorea Enoplea

Nematomorpha (horsehair worms) Gordioida Nectonematoida

Nemertea (ribbon worms) Hoplonemertea Palaeonemertea Pilidiophora

Placozoa Polyplacotomia Uniplacotomia

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Catenulida Turbellaria (e.g. Dugesia, paraphyletic with respect to Neodermata)

Neodermata (parasitic worms) Cestoda (tapeworms and relatives) Monogenea Trematoda (flukes)

Porifera (sponges) Calcarea (calcareous sponges) Demospongiae Hexactinellida (glass sponges) Homoscleromorpha

Priapulida (priapulid worms) Halicryptomorpha Priapulimorpha Seticoronaria

Rotifera (rotifers) Bdelloidea Monogononta Seisonidea

Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms) Source:

Archiacanthocephala Eoacanthocephala Palaeacanthocephala (ancient thornheads) Polyacanthocephala

Tardigrada (tardigrades, water bears, or moss piglets) Eutardigrada Heterotardigrada

Xenacoelomorpha

Acoelomorpha (simple soft-bodied flat worms) Acoela Nemertodermatida

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of animal classes

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of animal classes claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of animal classes before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of animal classes ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of animal classes

In research: List of animal classes appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of animal classes in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of animal classes is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Taxonomic lists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of animal classes outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of animal classes in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of animal classes means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of animal classes out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of animal classes in simple terms?

Why does List of animal classes matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of animal classes?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of animal classes.