science

List of antidepressants

List of antidepressants is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of antidepressants rather than just read about it. In short: This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with brand names in parentheses.

Key takeaways

List of antidepressants belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of antidepressants to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of antidepressants from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with brand names in parentheses. All drugs listed are approved specifically for major depressive disorder unless noted otherwise.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include:

Citalopram (Celexa, Cipramil) Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex) Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) Fluvoxamine (Luvox, Faverin) Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat) Sertraline (Zoloft, Lustral)

Discontinued/withdrawn Indalpine (Upstene) Zimelidine (Normud, Zelmid)

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:

Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Levomilnacipran (Fetzima) Milnacipran (Ixel, Savella, Milnaneurax) Venlafaxine (Effexor, Trevilor)

Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRIs) Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include: None currently marketed

Discontinued/withdrawn Medifoxamine (Clédial, Gerdaxy)

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (SNDRIs) Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) Toludesvenlafaxine (Ruoxinlin) Nefazodone (Serzone)

Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs) Serotonin modulators and stimulators include:

Vilazodone (Viibryd) Vortioxetine (Trintellix, Brintellix)

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs) Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors include:

Nefazodone (Dutonin, Nefadar, Serzone) – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries Trazodone (Desyrel)

Discontinued/withdrawn Etoperidone (Axiomin, Etonin)

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:

Reboxetine (Edronax) Teniloxazine (Lucelan, Metatone) – also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist Viloxazine (Qelbree, formerly Vivalan) – also a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist and 5-HT2C receptor agonist

Off-label only Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Elontril) – also a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Off-label only Amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse) – actually norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs) Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)

Discontinued/withdrawn Amineptine (Survector, Maneon) Nomifensine (Merital, Alival)

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Tricyclic antidepressants include:

Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep) Amitriptylinoxide (Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin) Amoxapine (Asendin) Clomipramine (Anafranil) Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane) Dibenzepin (Noveril, Victoril) Dimetacrine (Istonil) Dosulepin (Prothiaden) Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan) Imipramine (Tofranil) Lofepramine (Lomont, Gamanil) Melitracen (Dixeran, Melixeran, Trausabun) Nitroxazepine (Sintamil) Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl) Noxiptiline (Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal) Pipofezine (Azafen/Azaphen) Protriptyline (Vivactil) Trimipramine (Surmontil) Opipramol (Insidon), tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil) and amineptine (discontinued; formerly Survector, Maneon) are chemically TCAs but are pharmacodynamically atypical, and are therefore grouped elsewhere.

Discontinued/withdrawn Butriptyline (Evadyne) Demexiptiline (Deparon, Tinoran) Fluacizine (Phtorazisin) Imipraminoxide (Imiprex, Elepsin) Iprindole (Prondol, Galatur, Tetran) Metapramine (Timaxel) Propizepine (Depressin, Vagran) Quinupramine (Kinupril, Kevopril) Tiazesim (Altinil) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant Tofenacin (Elamol, Tofacine) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant

Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) Tetracyclic antidepressants include:

Maprotiline (Ludiomil) Mianserin (Tolvon) Mirtazapine (Remeron) Setiptiline (Tecipul) Mianserin, mirtazapine, and setiptiline are also sometimes described as noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs).

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors include

Irreversible

Non-selective Isocarboxazid (Marplan) Phenelzine (Nardil) Tranylcypromine (Parnate) Discontinued/withdrawn

Benmoxin (Neuralex) Iproclozide (Sursum) Iproniazid (Marsilid) Mebanazine (Actomol) Nialamide (Niamid) Octamoxin (Ximaol) Pheniprazine (Catron) Phenoxypropazine (Drazine) Pivhydrazine (Tersavid) Safrazine (Safra)

Selective for MAO-B Selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar, Emsam) – also a catecholaminergic activity enhancer and weak norepinephrine releasing agent (via metabolites)

Reversible

Non-selective Discontinued/withdrawn

Caroxazone (Surodil, Timostenil)

Selective for MAO-A Metralindole (Inkazan) Moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix) Pirlindole (Pirazidol) These drugs are sometimes described as reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs). Discontinued/withdrawn

Eprobemide (Befol) Minaprine (Brantur, Cantor) Toloxatone (Humoryl)

Mixed

Non-selective Bifemelane (Alnert, Celeport) – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI

Atypical antipsychotics Atypical antipsychotics include:

Amisulpride (Solian) – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for persistent depression and major depressive disorder Levosulpiride – approved in low doses for major depressive disorder Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression Sulpiride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for major depressive disorder

Others

Marketed D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe; Deprenon, Sabiben, Sabiden) – enkephalinase inhibitor Agomelatine (Valdoxan) – 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist Brexanolone (allopregnanolone; Zulresso) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) – various actions Esketamine (Spravato) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions Gepirone (Exxua) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist Opipramol (Insidon) — σ1 receptor agonist, other actions Tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil, Tianeurax) – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, other actions Zuranolone (Zurzuvae) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression and major depressive disorder

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of antidepressants

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of antidepressants claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of antidepressants before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of antidepressants ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of antidepressants

In research: List of antidepressants appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of antidepressants in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of antidepressants is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Antidepressants, Drug-related lists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of antidepressants outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of antidepressants in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of antidepressants means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of antidepressants out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of antidepressants in simple terms?

Why does List of antidepressants matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of antidepressants?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of antidepressants.