science

List of biofuel companies and researchers

List of biofuel companies and researchers is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of biofuel companies and researchers rather than just read about it. In short: First-generation biofuels First-generation biofuels use the edible parts of food plants as their carbon source feedstock. Due to this, the production of fuel from these crops effectively creates problems in regard to the global food production.

Key takeaways

List of biofuel companies and researchers belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of biofuel companies and researchers to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of biofuel companies and researchers from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

First-generation biofuels First-generation biofuels use the edible parts of food plants as their carbon source feedstock. Due to this, the production of fuel from these crops effectively creates problems in regard to the global food production.

ADM Ölmühle Hamburg, part of Archer Daniels Midland; Germany Products: biodiesel Diester Industrie, part of Bunge Limited; France Products: biodiesel Jilin Fuel Ethanol, part of China National Petroleum Corporation; China LS9, Inc, South San Francisco, California and Okeechobee, Florida, United States Technology: fermenters with genetically modified bacteria Feedstocks: sugar cane syrup; planned: cellulose agricultural residues Products: fuel oils, chemicals

Second-generation biofuels Second-generation biofuels use non-food substances as a feedstock carbon source. Examples include non-food plants, the inedible parts of food plants, and waste cooking fat. Unlike first-generation biofuels, they do not create problems in regard to the global food production.

Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Iran BRTeam is a multinational research team (Iran, Malaysia, Sweden, US, Belgium, UK), focused on various aspects of biofuel research, in particular, advanced reactor technologies. Blue Marble Energy, Seattle, Washington, United States Technology: consortia of different non-GM bacteria Feedstocks: "nearly any organic biomass" Products: methane, nitrogen compounds, hydrogen Chemrec, Stockholm, Sweden Technology: black liquor gasification Feedstocks: black liquor from sulfate process or sulfite process pulp mills Products: biomethanol, BioDME DuPont Danisco, Vonore, Tennessee, United States Feedstocks: non-edible parts of plants Products: ethanol Evoleum, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, Canada Feedstocks: recycled vegetable oil Products: biodiesel and biobunker Fujian Zhongde, part of China Clean Energy; Fuqing, Fujian, China Feedstocks: waste vegetable oils Products: biodiesel, chemicals Green BioFuels Corporation, Miami, Florida, United States Inbicon Americas, Conversion of Agricultural Residues such as wheat straw, corn stover and sugar bagasse, USA Feedstocks: vegetable oil, animal fat, recycled cooking oil Products: biodiesel, glycerol Gushan Environmental Energy, Beijing, Shanghai, Mianyang, Sichuan, Handan, Hebei, Fuzhou, and Fujian, China Feedstocks: vegetable oil, animal fat, recycled cooking oil Products: biodiesel, glycerol, plant asphalt, erucic acid, erucic amide Targray, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada Feedstocks: recycled cooking oil, Midwest soy beans, North American canola, corn oil, mixed tallow Products: biodiesel

Second-generation biofuels with additional advantages

Algae and cyanobacteria fuels The so-called "third-generation biofuels", similar to second-generation biofuels with an emphasize on the use of algae and cyanobacteria as a source of biofuel feedstocks, have an additional advantage as they take up a relatively small fraction of space when compared to first and second-generation biofuel sources, and may also help to reduce seawater eutrophication. They use algae to convert carbon dioxide into biomass.

Algae Cluster, Europe Algenol, Bonita Springs, Florida; Baltimore; and Lee County, Florida, United States Technology: algae grown in photobioreactors Feedstocks: seawater, sunlight, carbon dioxide Products: ethanol, freshwater Gevo, Douglas County, Colorado, United States Global Green Algae, part of Global Green Solutions. El Paso, Texas, United States GreenFuel Technologies Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, ceased operations in 2009 Joule Unlimited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States Feedstocks: water, sunlight, carbon dioxide Technology: modified cyanobacteria and bioreactors Products: diesel fuel PetroSun, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States Technology: pyrolysis of organics, algae Products: algal oil, hydrogen, charcoal fertilizer PowerFuel.de, Kaufbeuren, Swabia, Bavaria, Germany Technology: hyper-ionizing Feedstocks: UCO, CPO (used palm oil) Products: oils, including ship and truck fuels Sapphire Energy, San Diego, California, United States Technology: algae Feedstocks: sunlight, carbon dioxide Products: green crude Solazyme, South San Francisco, California, United States Technology: algae Feedstocks: plant matter Products: oils, including aviation fuel Aurora Biofuels OriginOil PetroAlgae Solix Synthetic Genomics

Fourth-generation biofuels Some fourth-generation technology pathways include pyrolysis, gasification, upgrading, solar-to-fuel, and genetic manipulation of organisms to secrete hydrocarbons.

GreenFuel Technologies Corporation Cambridge, Massachusetts Technology: developed a patented bioreactor system that uses nontoxic photosynthetic algae to take in smokestacks' flue gases and produce biofuels such as biodiesel, biogas and a dry fuel comparable to coal Hydrocarbon plants or petroleum plants are plants which produce terpenoids as secondary metabolites that can be converted to gasoline-like fuels. Latex-producing members of the Euphorbiaceae such as Euphorbia lathyris and E. tirucalli and members of Apocynaceae have been studied for their potential energy uses. Some other companies making 4th generation biofuels are:

Algenol Joule Unlimited [defunct since 2017] LS9 Naturally Scientific

Fifth-generation biofuels In July 2022, a Research Association of Biomass Innovation for Next Generation Automobile Fuels was established by six Japanese automotive companies.

References

See also Biofuel Biofuels by region List of algal fuel producers Renewable energy

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of biofuel companies and researchers

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of biofuel companies and researchers claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of biofuel companies and researchers before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of biofuel companies and researchers ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of biofuel companies and researchers

In research: List of biofuel companies and researchers appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of biofuel companies and researchers in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of biofuel companies and researchers is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Biodiesel producers, Biofuels, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of biofuel companies and researchers outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of biofuel companies and researchers in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of biofuel companies and researchers means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is List of biofuel companies and researchers in simple terms?

Why does List of biofuel companies and researchers matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of biofuel companies and researchers?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of biofuel companies and researchers.