science

List of birds of the Chatham Islands

List of birds of the Chatham Islands is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of birds of the Chatham Islands rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of birds of the Chatham Islands, an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about 650 kilometres (400 mi) east of mainland New Zealand. In 1995, Chatham Islands County was dissolved and reconstituted by a New Zealand act of Parliament as the "Chatham Islands Territory", with powers similar to those of territorial authorities and some functions similar to those of a regional council.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

This is a list of birds of the Chatham Islands, an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about 650 kilometres (400 mi) east of mainland New Zealand. In 1995, Chatham Islands County was dissolved and reconstituted by a New Zealand act of Parliament as the "Chatham Islands Territory", with powers similar to those of territorial authorities and some functions similar to those of a regional council. This list's taxonomic treatment and nomenclature (common and scientific names) mainly follows the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. Some supplemental referencing is that of the Avibase Bird Checklists of the World as of October 2022. The species and subspecies marked extinct became extinct subsequent to humans' arrival in the Chatham Islands. About two thirds of the extinctions occurred after the arrival of Māori but before the arrival of pākehā (European New Zealanders) and the rest since pākehā arrived. Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in the Chatham Islands as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to denote other categories of species:

(I) Introduced - a species introduced to New Zealand by the actions of humans, either directly or indirectly (E) Extinct - a recent species that no longer exists (V) Vagrant - birds considered to be accidental visitors, with few modern records

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These are adapted for an aquatic existence, with webbed feet, bills that are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

Chatham duck, Anas chathamica (E) Pāteke, Anas chlorotis Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos (I) Pārera, Anas superciliosa Graylag goose, Anser anser (I) Papango, Aythya novaeseelandiae Canada goose, Branta canadensis (V) Black swan, Cygnus atratus (I) Plumed whistling-duck, Dendrocygna eytoni (V) Chatham Island merganser, Mergus milleneri (E) Australasian shoveler, Spatula rhynchotis (V) Australian shelduck Tadorna tadornoides (V) Rēkohu shelduck, Tadorna rekohu (E) Putangitangi, Tadorna variegata (V)

New World quail Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae Odontophoridae are not native to the Chatham Islands, but feral populations of one species survives.

California quail, Callipepla californica (I)

Pigeons and doves Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Rock pigeon, Columba livia (V) Chatham pigeon, Hemiphaga chathamensis New Zealand pigeon, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae

Cuckoos Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Pīpīwharauroa, Chrysococcyx lucidus Koekoeā, Eudynamys taitensis (V)

Swifts Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Apodidae Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Pacific swift, Apus pacificus (V) White-throated needletail, Hirandapus caudacutus (V)

Rails, gallinules, and coots Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Hawkins's rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi (E) Chatham coot, Fulica chathamensis (E) Weka, Gallirallus australis Dieffenbach's rail, Gallirallus dieffenbachii (E) Chatham Islands rail, Gallirallus modestus (E) Buff-banded rail, Gallirallus philippensis Pūkeko, Porphyrio melanotus Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla (V) Spotless crake, Zapornia tabuensis (V)

Stilts and avocets Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin straight bills.

Pied stilt, Himantopus leucocephalus

Oystercatchers Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Chatham oystercatcher, Haematopus chathamensis South Island oystercatcher, Haematopus finschi (V)

Plovers and lapwings Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Wrybill, Anarhynchus frontalis (V) Double-banded plover, Charadrius bicinctus Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus (V) Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus (V) Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola (V) Tuturuatu, Thinornis novaeseelandiae Masked lapwing, Vanellus miles

Sandpipers and allies Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae

Skuas and jaegers Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Brown skua, Stercorarius antarcticus Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (V) South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (V) Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus (V)

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Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of birds of the Chatham Islands

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of birds of the Chatham Islands claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of birds of the Chatham Islands before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of birds of the Chatham Islands ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of birds of the Chatham Islands

In research: List of birds of the Chatham Islands appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of birds of the Chatham Islands in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of birds of the Chatham Islands is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of birds by location, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of birds of the Chatham Islands outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of birds of the Chatham Islands in simple terms?

Why does List of birds of the Chatham Islands matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of birds of the Chatham Islands?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of birds of the Chatham Islands.