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List of countries by exchange rate regime

List of countries by exchange rate regime is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of countries by exchange rate regime rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of countries and territories by their exchange rate regime. Table of Monetary Policy framework No legal tender of their own US dollar as legal tender British Virgin Islands Caribbean Netherlands Ecuador El Salvador Marshall Islands Micronesia Palau Panama (PAB) Timor-Leste Turks and Caicos Islands Euro as legal tender Andorra Kosovo Monaco Montenegro San Marino Vatican City Australian dollar as legal…

List of countries by exchange rate regime — main illustration
List of countries by exchange rate regime — illustration

Key takeaways

  • List of countries by exchange rate regime belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
  • Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
  • Connect List of countries by exchange rate regime to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
  • Reproduce the core statement of List of countries by exchange rate regime from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of countries and territories by their exchange rate regime.

Table of Monetary Policy framework

No legal tender of their own

US dollar as legal tender British Virgin Islands Caribbean Netherlands Ecuador El Salvador Marshall Islands Micronesia Palau Panama (PAB) Timor-Leste Turks and Caicos Islands

Euro as legal tender Andorra Kosovo Monaco Montenegro San Marino Vatican City

Australian dollar as legal tender Kiribati Nauru Tuvalu

Swiss franc as legal tender Liechtenstein

Currency board

US dollar as exchange rate anchor Antigua and Barbuda (XCD) Djibouti (DJF) Dominica (XCD) Grenada (XCD) Hong Kong (HKD) Saint Kitts and Nevis (XCD) Saint Lucia (XCD) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (XCD)

Euro as exchange rate anchor Bosnia and Herzegovina (BAM) Bulgaria (BGN)

Singapore dollar as exchange rate anchor Brunei (BND)

Hong Kong dollar as exchange rate anchor Macau (MOP)

Conventional peg

US dollar as exchange rate anchor Aruba (AWG) The Bahamas (BSD) Bahrain (BHD) Barbados (BBD) Belize (BZD) Bermuda (BMD) Curaçao & Sint Maarten (XCG) Eritrea (ERN) Iraq (IQD) Jordan (JOD) Oman (OMR) Qatar (QAR) Saudi Arabia (SAR) Turkmenistan (TMT) United Arab Emirates (AED)

Euro as exchange rate anchor Benin (XOF) Burkina Faso (XOF) Cabo Verde (CVE) Cameroon (XAF) Central African Republic (XAF) Chad (XAF) Comoros (KMF) Côte d'Ivoire (XOF) Denmark (DKK) Equatorial Guinea (XAF) French Polynesia (XPF) Gabon (XAF) Guinea-Bissau (XOF) Mali (XOF) New Caledonia (XPF) Niger (XOF) Republic of Congo (XAF) São Tomé and Príncipe (STD) Senegal (XOF) Togo (XOF) Wallis and Futuna (XPF)

Composite exchange rate anchor Fiji (FJD) Libya (LYD)

Rand as exchange rate anchor Eswatini (SZL) Lesotho (LSL) Namibia (NAD)

Indian Rupee as exchange rate anchor Bhutan (BTN) Nepal (NPR)

Monetary aggregate target Samoa (SAT)

Stabilized arrangement

US dollar as exchange rate anchor Guyana (GYD) Honduras (HNL) Lebanon (LBP) Maldives (MVR) Trinidad and Tobago (TTD) Ukraine (UAH)

Euro as exchange rate anchor North Macedonia (MKD)

Composite exchange rate anchor Vietnam (VND)

Monetary aggregate target Bolivia (BOB) Guinea (GNF) Myanmar (MMK) Papua New Guinea (PGK) Tajikistan (TJS) Tanzania (TZS)

Inflation-targeting framework Armenia (AMD) Guatemala (GTQ) Romania (RON) Serbia (RSD)

Other Azerbaijan (AZN) Malawi (MWK) Mozambique (MZN) Sudan (SDG)

Crawling peg

US dollar as exchange rate anchor Nicaragua (NIO)

Composite exchange rate anchor Botswana (BWP)

Other Argentina (ARS)

Crawl-like arrangement

US dollar as exchange rate anchor Cambodia (KHR)

Composite exchange rate anchor Singapore (SGD)

Monetary aggregate target Afghanistan (AFN) Algeria (DZD) Burundi (BIF) Democratic Republic of the Congo (CDF) Ethiopia (ETB) The Gambia (GMD) Nigeria (NGN) Rwanda (RWF)

Inflation-targeting framework Jamaica (JMD) Kenya (KES) Mongolia (MNT) Sri Lanka (LKR) Turkey (TRY) Uzbekistan (UZS)

Other Egypt (EGP) Kyrgyzstan (KGS) Mauritania (MRO) Tunisia (TND) Zambia (ZMW)

Pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands

Composite exchange rate anchor Morocco (MAD)

Other managed arrangement

US dollar as exchange rate anchor Iran (IRR)

Composite exchange rate anchor Kuwait (KWD) Syria (SYP)

Monetary aggregate target Angola (AOA) Bangladesh (BDT) China (CNY) Sierra Leone (SLL) Zimbabwe (ZWL)

Inflation-targeting framework Dominican Republic (DOP) Ghana (GHS)

Other Haiti (HTG) Laos (LAK) Pakistan (PKR) Solomon Islands (SBD) South Sudan (SSP) Tonga (TOP) Vanuatu (VUV) Venezuela (VED)

Floating

Monetary aggregate target Belarus (BYR) Liberia (LRD) Madagascar (MGA) Seychelles (SCR) Suriname (SRD) Yemen (YER)

Inflation-targeting framework Albania (ALL) Brazil (BRL) Chile (CLP) Colombia (COP) Costa Rica (CRC) Czech Republic (CZK) Georgia (GEL) Hungary (HUF) Iceland (ISK) India (INR) Indonesia (IDR) Israel (ILS) Kazakhstan (KZT) Mauritius (MUR) Moldova (MDL) New Zealand (NZD) Paraguay (PYG) Peru (PEN) Philippines (PHP) South Africa (ZAR) South Korea (KRW) Thailand (THB) Uganda (UGX) Uruguay (UYU)

Other Malaysia (MYR) Switzerland (CHF)

Free floating

Inflation-targeting framework Australia (AUD) Canada (CAD) Japan (JPY) Mexico (MXN) Norway (NOK) Poland (PLN) Russia (RUB) Sweden (SEK) United Kingdom (GBP)

Other European Union (EUR) Austria Belgium Croatia Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Somalia (SOS) United States (USD)

See also Reserve currency Managed float regime

Notes

References

Illustrations

List of countries by exchange rate regime: De facto exchange-rate arrangements in 2023 as classified by the International Monetary Fund. .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}  Floating (floating and free floating)   Soft pegs (conventional peg, stabilized arrangement, crawling peg, crawl-like arrangement, pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands)   Hard pegs (no separate legal tender, currency board)   Residual (other managed arrangement)
De facto exchange-rate arrangements in 2023 as classified by the International Monetary Fund. .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}  Floating (floating and free floating)   Soft pegs (conventional peg, stabilized arrangement, crawling peg, crawl-like arrangement, pegged exchange rate within horizontal bands)   Hard pegs (no separate legal tender, currency board)   Residual (other managed arrangement)

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of countries by exchange rate regime

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of countries by exchange rate regime claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of countries by exchange rate regime before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of countries by exchange rate regime ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of countries by exchange rate regime

In research
List of countries by exchange rate regime appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry
Engineering practice reuses List of countries by exchange rate regime in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom
List of countries by exchange rate regime is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Currency lists, Foreign exchange market, Lists of countries, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life
Look for List of countries by exchange rate regime outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.
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How to study List of countries by exchange rate regime in 20 minutes

  1. Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
  2. Close the page and write down what List of countries by exchange rate regime means in your own words.
  3. Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
  4. Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
  5. Explain List of countries by exchange rate regime out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of countries by exchange rate regime in simple terms?

This is a list of countries and territories by their exchange rate regime. Table of Monetary Policy framework No legal tender of their own US dollar as legal tender British Virgin Islands Caribbean Netherlands Ecuador El Salvador Marshall Islands Micronesia Palau Panama (PAB) Timor-Leste Turks and…

Why does List of countries by exchange rate regime matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of countries by exchange rate regime?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of countries by exchange rate regime.

Tags

  • Currency lists
  • Foreign exchange market
  • Lists of countries

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