earth science

List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita

List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita is a earth science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita greenhouse gas emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission. The following table lists the 1970, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 annual per capita GHG emissions estimates (in metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year).

Key takeaways

List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita belongs to earth science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita greenhouse gas emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission. The following table lists the 1970, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 annual per capita GHG emissions estimates (in metric tons of CO2 equivalent per year). The data include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from all sources, including agriculture and land use change. They are measured in carbon dioxide-equivalents over a 100-year timescale. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th assessment report finds that the "Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)" sector on average, accounted for 13–21% of global total anthropogenic GHG emissions in the period 2010–2019. Land use change drivers net AFOLU CO2 emission fluxes, with deforestation being responsible for 45% of total AFOLU emissions. In addition to being a net carbon sink and source of GHG emissions, land plays an important role in climate through albedo effects, evapotranspiration, and aerosol loading through emissions of volatile organic compounds. The IPCC report finds that the LULUCF sector offers significant near-term mitigation potential while providing food, wood and other renewable resources as well as biodiversity conservation. Mitigation measures in forests and other natural ecosystems provide the largest share of the LULUCF mitigation potential between 2020 and 2050. Among various LULUCF activities, reducing deforestation has the largest potential to reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions, followed by carbon sequestration in agriculture and ecosystem restoration including afforestation and reforestation. Land use change emissions can be negative. According to Science for Policy report in 2024 by the Joint Research Centre (JRC – the European Commission’s science and knowledge service) and International Energy Agency (IEA), global per-capita GHG emissions in 2023 increased by 0.9% to reach 6.59 tCO2eq/cap, a value still 0.9% lower than in 2019 (6.65 tCO2eq/cap), but have increased by about 7.3% from 6.14 tCO2eq/cap to 6.59 tCO2eq/cap between 1990 and 2023. However, the main disadvantage of measuring total national emissions is that it does not take population size into account. China has the largest CO2 and GHG emissions in the world, but also the second largest population. Some argue that for a fair comparison, emissions should be analyzed in terms of the amount of CO2 and GHG per capita. Considering GHG per capita emissions in 2023, China's levels (11.11) are almost two-thirds those of the United States (17.61) and almost a sixth of those of Palau (65,29) – the country with the highest emissions of GHG per capita in 2023. Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as production-based emissions, do not account for emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the CO2 produced and reported in Asia and Africa is for the production of goods consumed in Europe and North America. According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution. The European Union is at the forefront of international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus safeguard the planet's climate. Greenhouse gases (GHG) – primarily carbon dioxide but also others, including methane and chlorofluorocarbons – trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Higher temperatures then act on the climate, with varying effects. For example, dry regions might become drier while, at the poles, the ice caps are melting, causing higher sea levels. In 2016, the global average temperature was already 1.1 °C above pre-industrial levels.

GHG emissions

Per capita GHG emissions by country/territory The data in the following table is extracted from EDGAR – Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

GHG emissions per capita (kgCO2eq/year)

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In earth science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita

In research: List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita appears in earth science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Climate change-related lists, Environment-related lists by country, Greenhouse gas emissions, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita in 20 minutes

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Close the page and write down what List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita means in your own words.
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Frequently asked questions

What is List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita in simple terms?

Why does List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita matter?

Because it connects several earth science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita.