A creation myth (or creation story) is a cultural, religious or traditional myth which attempts to describe the earliest beginnings of the present world. Creation myths are the most common form of myth, usually developing first in oral traditions, and are found throughout human culture. A creation myth is usually regarded by those who subscribe to it as conveying profound truths, though not necessarily in a historical or literal sense. They are commonly, though not always, considered cosmogonical myths, that is, they describe the ordering of the cosmos from a state of chaos or amorphousness.
Basic type
Creation from chaos
Enûma Eliš (Babylonian creation myth) Eridu Genesis Greek cosmogonical myth Jamshid Korean creation narratives Kumulipo Mandé creation myth Pangu Raven in Creation Serer creation myth Tungusic creation myth Unkulunkulu Väinämöinen Viracocha
Earth diver
Ainu creation myth Cherokee creation myth Iroquois creation myth Väinämöinen Yoruba creation myth Ob-Ugric creation myth
Emergence
Hopi creation myth
Diné Bahaneʼ (Navajo) Zuni creation myth
Ex nihilo (out of nothing)
Debate between sheep and grain Barton cylinder Ancient Egyptian creation myths Genesis creation (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Rastafari) Kabezya-Mpungu Māori myths Mbombo Ngai Popol Vuh
Raven Tales
World parent
Coatlicue Enûma Eliš Greek cosmogonical myth Heliopolis creation myth Hiranyagarbha creation myth Kumulipo Rangi and Papa Völuspá
Divine twins
Proto-Indo-European creation myths
Regional
Africa Ancient Egyptian creation myths Fon creation myth Kaang creation myth (San) Kintu myth (Bugandan) Mandé creation myth Mbombo (Kuba, Bakuba or Bushongo/Boshongo) Ngai (Kamba, Kikuyu and Maasai ) Serer creation myth (cosmogony of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania) Unkulunkulu (Zulu) Yoruba creation myth (Yoruba people, West Africa)
Americas Caribbean
Taíno creation myths
Mesoamerica Coatlicue (Aztec) Maya creation of the world myth Popol Vuh (Quiché Mayan)
Mid North America Anishinaabeg creation stories Cherokee creation myth Choctaw creation myth Creek creation myth Hopi creation myth Iroquois creation myth Kuterastan (Plains Apache) Diné Bahaneʼ (Navajo) Raven in Creation (Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian) Zuni creation myth
South America Legend of Trentren Vilu and Caicai Vilu (Chilean) Viracocha (Incan) Xolas (Chilean)
Asia
Central Asia Ergenekon Mongolian creation myth Tungusic creation myth
East Asia Ainu creation myth (Japan) Au Co (Vietnamese) Chinese creation myth Japanese creation myth Korean creation narratives Vietnamese creation myth Nüwa (Chinese) Pangu (Chinese)
Indian subcontinent Ajativada Buddhist cosmology Folk Hindu creation myth Hiranyagarbha creation (India) Jainism and non-creationism (India) Meitei mythology (India) Mimamsa eternalism (India) Nyaya-Vaisheshika atomic theory (India) Samkhya-yoga theory (India) Sanamahi creation myth (India)
Europe Slavic creation myth Theogony (Greek) Book of Invasions (Celtic, specifically Irish) Väinämöinen (Finnish) Völuspá (Norse)
Middle East Debate between sheep and grain Enûma Eliš (Babylonian) Eridu Genesis (Sumerian) Genesis creation (Hebrew) Islamic creation myth (Arabic) Leviathan (Book of Job 38-41 creation myth) Mashya and Mashyana (Persian)
Pacific Islands/Oceanic Areop-Enap (Nauruan) Kumulipo (Hawaiian) Lafaek Diak (Timorese) Māori myths (Māori) Rangi and Papa (Māori) Sureq Galigo (Buginese)
Australian The Australian Aboriginal concepts of "The Dreaming" or "Dreamtime".
In mythopoeia
In mythopoeia, an artificial mythology created by writers of prose or other fiction, traditional mythological themes and archetypes are integrated into fiction. Some works of mythopoeia also feature creation myths:
Ainulindalë from Tolkien's The Silmarillion
References
Leeming, David Adams; Leeming, Margaret Adams (1994). Encyclopedia of Creation Myths (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-87436-739-3. Leeming, David Adams; Leeming, Margaret Adams (2009). A Dictionary of Creation Myths (Oxford Reference Online ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510275-8.
