At least 218 companies have manufactured hard disk drives (HDDs) since 1956. Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. None of the first several entrants (including IBM, who invented the HDD) continue in the industry today. Only three manufacturers have survived—Seagate, Toshiba and Western Digital (WD)—all of which grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions.
Manufacturers
The following is a partial list of defunct hard disk manufacturers. There are currently 120 manufacturers in this incomplete list.
See also History of hard disk drives List of computer hardware manufacturers List of hard disk manufacturers List of solid-state drive manufacturers
References General references McKendrick, David (November 1997). "Sustaining Competitive Advantage in Global Industries: Technological Change and Foreign Assembly in the Hard Disk Drive Industry". Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2011. Specific references
Further reading Wong, Poh-Kam (July 1999). "The Dynamics of the HDD Industry Development in Singapore" (PDF). Centre for Management of Innovation and Technopreneurship, National University of Singapore: The Information Storage Industry Center, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California. Report 99–03. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2017.


