biology

List of durian diseases and pests

List of durian diseases and pests is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of durian diseases and pests rather than just read about it. In short: Durians are an agricultural product affected by many plant pathogens and pests. Most of the information here concerns Durio zibethinus, the major commercial species, but a dozen species in the genus Durio are edible durians, and several of those are also grown commercially and these diseases can concern them as well.

Key takeaways

List of durian diseases and pests belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of durian diseases and pests to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of durian diseases and pests from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Durians are an agricultural product affected by many plant pathogens and pests. Most of the information here concerns Durio zibethinus, the major commercial species, but a dozen species in the genus Durio are edible durians, and several of those are also grown commercially and these diseases can concern them as well.

Algae algal leaf spot, red rust (Cephaleuros virescens)

Animals

Vertebrates These are animals that eat or destroy durian fruit or trees. Many of these are shot or poisoned by farmers. Some of these species naturally act as seed dispersers, which benefits the plant but does not benefit farmers.

black hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus) squirrel grey-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) black-striped squirrel (Callosciurus nigrovittatus) plantain squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) Prevost's squirrel (Callosciurus prevostii) Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) Sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) Rats Malayan field rat (Rattus tiomanicus) Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), feral pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) viverrids (Viverridae sp.)

Invertebrates Most of these are arthropods, but nematodes and gastropods are also of concern.

Arthropods Acrocercops sp. Adoretus sp. Allocarsidara malayensis (Carsidaridae) "durian psyllid" (Allocarsidara malayensis synonym Tenaphalara malayensis); also Diclidophlebia sp. (as synonym Haplaphalara) in the Philippines leaf roller (Adoxophyes privatana) durian leaf hopper (Amrasca durianae) shining leaf chafer (Anomala sp.) cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) Apogonia sp. leaf eating beetle (Aprosterna pallida) leaf roller (Archips machlopis syn. Cacoecia machlopis) leaf eating (Arctornis cygna) leaf eating (Arthisma scissuralis) coconut scale (Aspidiotus destructor) leaf scale (Asterolecanium sp.) Asterolecaniam ungulata (probably Asterolecanium ungulatum) flower webber Autoba versicolor (Syn. Eublemma versicolora) stem borer (Batocera gultata) borer (Canopia sp.) sap beetle (Carpophilus sp.) sap beetle (Carpophilus floveicollis) Cephonodes ?higlas longhorn beetle larvae (Cerambycidae) Chalcoscelis albiguttata -pest of leaves leaf eating, gelatine grub (Chalcocelis albiguttatus) scale insect (Coccoidea) scale insect, soft scale (Coccus sp.) durian fruit borer, durian husk borer, yellow peach moth, Queensland bollworm (Conogethes punctiferalis syn. Monogatus puntiferalis and Dichocrocis punctiferalis) trunk borer (Conopia sp.), secondary infection after Phytophthora palmivora leaf eating bagworm (Pteroma pendula) litchi fruit moth, macadamia nut borer (Cryptophlebia ombrodelta) Indo-Malaysian drywood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus) leaf mining grub (Dactylispa leonardi) durian hawkmoth (Daphnusa ocellaris)

leaf eating tussock moth (Dasychira inclusa) tussock moth (Dasychira mendosa) tussock moth (Dasychira osseata) Drosophila punctpennis leaf eating caterpillar (Erizada lichenaria) African red mite, citrus brown mite (Eutetranychus africanus) oriental red mite (Eutetranychus orientalis Klein misidentification) cotton leaf roller (Haritalodes derogata (syn. Sylepta derogata) cotton boll worm (Helicoverpa armigera formerly Heliothis armigera) horned treehopper (Hemicentrus attenuatus (Sarritor attenuatus) leaf roller moth (Homona coffearia) leaf roller moth (Homono difficilis) leaf roller moth (Homona eductana) flower eating moth (Horaga onyx onyx) leaf eating weevil (Hypomeces squamosus) durian fruit borer (Hypoperigea leprosticta syn. Plagideicta leprosticta) Stem scale insect (Icerya sp.) Idiophantis chiridota termite (Isoptera), specifically lumber of Durio carinatus Lacifer javanus powderpost beetle (Lyctus sp.) leaf eating caterpillar (Lymantria marginata) coconut case worm (Mahasena corbetti) thrip (Megalurothrips sp.) Microtermes pallidus hairy powderpost beetle (Minthea rugicollis), recorded on Durio lowianus and Durio oxleyanus Monolepta bifasciata durian seed borer (Mudaria luteileprosa) durian seed borer (Mudaria magniplaga) Nodostoma sp. mite (Oligonychus biharensis) Orthaga semialba cocoa tussock moth (Orgyia postica) tussock moth (Orygia turbata) longan leaf-eating looper (Oxyodes scrobiculata) leaf eating caterpillar (Paracrama dulcissima) Paralecanium expansum Paralecanium vacuum Phenacaspis hedyoticlis Phostria nicoalis Phostria xipharesalis durian seed and fruit borer (Plagideicta magniplaga (syn. Mudaria magniplaga) coffee mealybug (Planococcus lilacinus) mealybug (Planococcus minor) ambrosia beetle (Platypodinae or Scolytinae) Platypus cupulatus weevil (Platytrachelus psittacinus) red coffee borer, red branch borer (Polyphagozerra coffeae syn. Zeuzera coffeae) up-country tea termite (Postelectrotermes militaris) mealybug (Pseudococcus sp.) description matches Planococcus minor) flower eating moth (Rapala dieneces dieneces) fruit eating moth (Remelana jangala ravata) Rhadinomerus sp. stem borer (Rhytidodera simulans) scale insect, soft scale insect (Saissetia sp.) Scheloribates sp. chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) Seira jacobsoni leaf eating caterpillar (Setora fletcheri) leaf eating (Spilosoma sp.) bark feeder (Squamura sp.) Squamura maculata (syn. Indarbela flavina) leaf eating (Suana concolor) Sylepta bipunctalis Synanthedon sp. Tenaphalara malayensis mite (Tetranychus fijiensis)' thrips (Thrips coloratus) thrips (Thrips hawaiiensis) oil palm bunch moth (Tirathaba mundella) fruit boring caterpillar (Tirathaba ruptilinea) leaf eating caterpillar (Tiruvaca subcostalis) durian rind borer, fruit borer (Tonica terasella) citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii) mould mite (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) Xyleborus cordatus Xyleborus declivigranulatus typical bark beetle (Xyleborus ferrugineus) tea shot hole borer (Xyleborus fornicatus) Xyleborus formicatus Xyleborus similis Xyleborus testsceus (syn. Xyleborus perforans) borer (Zeuzera sp.)

Other invertebrates spiral nematode Helicotylenchus sp. giant African snail (Lissachatina fulica formerly Achatina fulica) Macroposthonia sp. root-knot nematode Meloidogyne sp. lesion nematode Pratylenchus sp. hypocotyl rot (Pratylenchus coffeae) Radopholus sp. reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis stunt nematode Tylenchorhynchus sp. dagger nematode Xiphinema sp.

Bacteria stem canker (Enterobacter sp.) postharvest fruit rot (Erwinia sp.) stem canker (Flavobacterium sp.) stem canker (Pseudomonas sp.)

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of durian diseases and pests

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of durian diseases and pests claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of durian diseases and pests before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of durian diseases and pests ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of durian diseases and pests

In research: List of durian diseases and pests appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of durian diseases and pests in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of durian diseases and pests is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Durio, Fruit tree diseases, Lists of plant diseases, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of durian diseases and pests outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of durian diseases and pests in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of durian diseases and pests in simple terms?

Why does List of durian diseases and pests matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of durian diseases and pests?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of durian diseases and pests.