computer science

List of early third-generation computers

List of early third-generation computers is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of early third-generation computers rather than just read about it. In short: This list of early third-generation computers, tabulates those computers using monolithic integrated circuits (ICs) as their primary logic elements, starting from small-scale integration CPUs (SSI) to large-scale integration CPUs (LSI). Computers primarily using ICs first came into use about 1961 for military use.

Key takeaways

List of early third-generation computers belongs to computer science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of early third-generation computers to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of early third-generation computers from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This list of early third-generation computers, tabulates those computers using monolithic integrated circuits (ICs) as their primary logic elements, starting from small-scale integration CPUs (SSI) to large-scale integration CPUs (LSI). Computers primarily using ICs first came into use about 1961 for military use. With the availability of reliable low-cost ICs in the mid 1960s commercial third-generation computers using ICs started to appear. The fourth generation of computers began with the shipment of CPS-1, the first commercial microprocessor microcomputer, in 1972 and for the purposes of this list marks the end of the "early" third-generation computer era. Third-generation computers were offered well into the 1990s. The list is organized by delivery year to customers or production/operational date. In some cases only the first computer from any one manufacturer is listed. Computers announced, but never completed, are not included. Computers without documented manual input (keyboard/typewriter/control unit) are also not included.

Aerospace and military computers (1961–1971) 1961

The ASD Semiconductor-Network Computer (Molecular Electronic Computer), first monolithic integrated circuit general purpose computer (built for demonstration purposes, programmed to simulate a desk calculator) was built by Texas Instruments for the US Air Force. 1962

Martin MARTAC 420 (Fairchild Micrologic) AC Spark Plug MAGIC (Fairchild Micrologic) Librascope L-90 series (silicon planar epitaxial semiconductor IC) 1963

UNIVAC 1824 Autonetics D37 (Solid Circuit, Texas Instruments) 1965

Apollo Guidance Computer First installation Burroughs D84 Litton L-304 - TTL IC Honeywell ALERT - HLTTL IC Autonetics D26 - DTL IC 1967

Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer Model II (BRLESC II) CDC 449 CP-823/U 1970

AN/UYK-7 Rolm 1601 (AN/UYK-12(V)), Feb 1970 1971

AN/GYK-12 Militarized version of Litton L-3050

Commercial computers (1965–1971) This table of commercial third-generation computers has been constructed by merging of several lists of computers offered from February 1965, the date of the shipment of the first commercial third-generation computer, through 1971 and then finding reliable sources as to the generation of the models listed and the associated dates.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of early third-generation computers

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of early third-generation computers claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of early third-generation computers before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of early third-generation computers ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of early third-generation computers

In research: List of early third-generation computers appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of early third-generation computers in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of early third-generation computers is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 20th century in computing, History of computing hardware, Lists of computer hardware, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of early third-generation computers outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of early third-generation computers in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of early third-generation computers means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of early third-generation computers out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of early third-generation computers in simple terms?

Why does List of early third-generation computers matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of early third-generation computers?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of early third-generation computers.