biology

List of endangered fishes

List of endangered fishes is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of endangered fishes rather than just read about it. In short: In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 643 endangered fish species. Of all evaluated fish species, 4.2% are listed as endangered.

Key takeaways

List of endangered fishes belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of endangered fishes to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of endangered fishes from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 643 endangered fish species. Of all evaluated fish species, 4.2% are listed as endangered. The IUCN also lists ten fish subspecies as endangered. Of the subpopulations of fishes evaluated by the IUCN, 24 species subpopulations have been assessed as endangered. For a species to be considered endangered by the IUCN it must meet certain quantitative criteria which are designed to classify taxa facing "a very high risk of extinction". An even higher risk is faced by critically endangered species, which meet the quantitative criteria for endangered species. Critically endangered fishes are listed separately. There are 1098 fish species which are endangered or critically endangered. Additionally 3191 fish species (21% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN. While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed". This is a complete list of endangered fish species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN. Species and subspecies which have endangered subpopulations (or stocks) are indicated.

Cartilaginous fishes

Chondrichthyes includes sharks, rays, skates, and saw-fish. There are 124 cartilaginous fishes classified as endangered by the IUCN.

Prickly sharks Bramble shark (Echinorhinus brucus)

Carpet sharks Hasselt's bambooshark (Chiloscyllium hasselti) Pacific nurse shark (Ginglymostoma unami) Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) Zebra shark (Stegostoma tigrinum)

Ground sharks Blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotus) Grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) Whitecheek shark (Carcharhinus dussumieri) Smoothtooth blacktip shark (Carcharhinus leiodon) Dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus) Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi) Sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) Night shark (Carcharhinus signatus) Winghead shark (Eusphyrna blochii) Blackspotted catshark (Halaelurus buergeri) Happy Eddie (Haploblepharus edwardsii) Indonesian houndshark (Hemitriakis indroyonoi) Sharpfin houndshark (Hemitriakis acutipinna) Japanese topeshark (Hemitriakis japanica) Honeycomb Izak (Holohalaelurus favus) African spotted catshark (Holohalaelurus punctuatus) Broadfin shark (Lamiopsis temminckii) Borneo broadfin shark (Lamiopsis tephrodes) Spotless smoothhound (Mustelus griseus) Smalleye smoothhound (Mustelus higmani) Starspotted smoothhound (Mustelus manazo) Venezuelan dwarf smoothhound (Mustelus minicanis) Common smoothhound (Mustelus mustelus) Whitenose shark (Nasolamia velox) Sharptooth lemon shark (Negaprion acutidens) Straight-tooth weasel shark (Paragaleus tengi) Atlantic weasel shark (Paragaleus pectoralis) Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) Banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium)

Mackerel sharks Shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) Longfin mako (Isurus paucus) Pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus) Basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) Smalltooth sand tiger (Odontaspis ferox)

Dogfishes Gulper shark (Centrophorus granulosus) Dumb gulper shark (Centrophorus harrissoni) Blackfin gulper shark (Centrophorus isodon) African gulper shark (Centrophorus lesliei) Longfin gulper shark (Centrophorus longipinnis) Leafscale gulper shark (Centrophorus squamosus) Mosaic gulper shark (Centrophorus tessellatus) Little gulper shark (Centrophorus uyato) Angular roughshark (Oxynotus centrina) Japanese shortnose spurdog (Squalus brevirostris) Greeneye spurdog (Squalus chloroculus) Taiwan spurdog (Squalus formosus) Japanese spurdog (Squalus japonicus) Shortspine spurdog (Squalus mitsukurii)

Angel sharks

Species

Taiwan angelshark (Squatina formosa) Angular angel shark (Squatina guggenheim) Squatina punctata

Skates Eyespot skate (Atlantoraja cyclophora) La Plata skate (Atlantoraja platana) Graytail skate (Bathyraja griseocauda) Mottled skate (Beringraja pulchra) Grey skate (Dipturus canutus) Yellownose skate (Dipturus chilensis) Maugean skate (Dipturus maugeanus) Roughskin skate (Dipturus trachydermus) Sandy skate (Leucoraja circularis) Winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) Twineye skate (Raja ocellifera) Rough skate (Raja radula) Undulate skate (Raja undulata) Bottlenose skate (Rostroraja alba)

Rays Longhead eagle ray (Aetobatus flagellum) Whitespotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) Ocellate eagle ray (Aetobatus ocellatus) Ornate eagle ray (Aetomylaeus vespertilio) Mottled eagle ray (Aetomylaeus maculatus) Giant manta ray (Mobula birostris) Longhorned pygmy devil ray (Mobula eregoodoo) Atlantic devil ray (Mobula hypostoma) Shortfin devil ray (Mobula kuhlii) Spinetail devil ray (Mobula mobular) Chilean devil ray (Mobula tarapacana) Bentfin devil ray (Mobula thurstoni) Giant freshwater whipray (Urogymnus polylepis) White-edge whipray (Fluvitrygon signifer) Coach whipray (Himantura uarnak) Honeycomb whipray (Himantura undulata) Bleeker's whipray (Pateobatis bleekeri) Sharpnose whipray (Maculabatus macrura) Marbled whipray (Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus) Round whipray (Maculabatus pastinacoides) Roughback whipray (Fluvitrygon kittapongi) Whitespotted whipray (Maculabatis gerrardi) Tubemouth whipray (Urogymnus lobistoma) Whitenose whipray (Himantura uarnacoides) Javan whipray (Brevitrygon javaensis) Chinese stingray (Hemitrygon sinensis) Honeycomb whipray (Himantura undulata) Narrow cowtail ray (Pastinachus gracilicaudus) Roughnose cowtail ray (Pastinachus solocirostris) Javanese cownose ray (Rhinoptera javanica) Oman cownose ray (Rhinoptera jayakari) Mekong stingray (Hemitrygon laosensis) Seret's butterfly ray (Gymnura sereti) Spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altaveri) Zonetail butterfly ray (Gymnura zonura) Groovebelly stingray (Dasyatis hypostigma) Atlantic chupare (Styracura schmardae) Coastal stingaree (Urolophus orarius) Raya Amazonica (Potamotrygon tigrina) Indian sharpnose ray (Telatrygon crozieri) Venezuela round stingray (Urotrygon venezuelae) Large-eye stingray (Hypanus marinae)

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of endangered fishes

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of endangered fishes claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of endangered fishes before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of endangered fishes ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of endangered fishes

In research: List of endangered fishes appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of endangered fishes in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of endangered fishes is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Endangered animals, Endangered fish, Fish by conservation status, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of endangered fishes outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of endangered fishes in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of endangered fishes means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of endangered fishes out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of endangered fishes in simple terms?

In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 643 endangered fish species. Of all evaluated fish species, 4.2% are listed as endangered.

Why does List of endangered fishes matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of endangered fishes?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of endangered fishes.