List of energy abbreviations

This is a list of acronyms found in the context of energy issues.

A AAQS—Ambient Air Quality Standards (environment) (US) AAU—assigned amount units (measurement) ABT—availability-based tariff (electricity) ABF—Aquatic base flow (hydropower) (electricity) AC—alternating current ACA—Annual charge adjustment (electricity) ACE—Area control error (electricity) ACEEE—American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy ACRS—Accelerated Cost Recovery System (finance) ADITC—Accumulated Deferred Investment Tax Credit (policy) ADR—asset depreciation range (finance) AEP—American Electric Power (electricity) AESO—Alberta Electric System Operator AFE—Authority for Expenditure or Authorization for Expenditure AFUDC—allowance for funds used during construction AFV—alternative fuel vehicle AGA—American Gas Association AGC—automatic generation control AGD—Associated Gas Distributors (US) AI—Artificial Intelligence AIEE—American Institute of Electrical Engineers AIMA—Agricultural Impact Mitigation Agreement (US) ALARP—as low as reasonably practicable ALJ—administrative law judge AMBO—Armenia, Macedonia, Bulgaria Oil pipeline AMI—advanced metering infrastructure AMR—automated meter reading also known as automatic meter reading AMRA—Automatic Meter Reading Association ANGTA—Alaskan Natural Gas Transportation Act of 1977 to build the Alaska gas pipeline ANGTS—Alaskan Natural Gas Transportation System ANSI—American National Standards Institute AOB—Any Other Business AOS—authorized overrun service AP—action point APA—Administrative Procedure Act —Alaska Power Administration APE—area of potential effect (electricity) API—American Petroleum Institute (oil) APPA—American Public Power Association (electricity) APR—actual peak reduction (e.g. in demand response systems) (electricity) AQCR—Air Quality Control Region (US) (environment) AR—Activity Request ARA—(in shipping) ports of Amsterdam – Rotterdam – Antwerp (oil) ARR—auction revenue rights (electricity) ASCC—Alaskan System Coordination Council ASE—Alliance to Save Energy ASTM—American Society for Testing and Materials ATC—available transfer capability AVR—automatic voltage regulator (electricity)

B BA—balancing authority BA—biological assessment BACT—Best Available Control Technology BBL/D—Barrel per day BBL/SD—Barrel per day, on stream days BBL—barrel (42 gallons) —Balgzand Bacton Line (BBL Pipeline) BCD—Barrel per day, on calendar days BCF—billion cubic feet BCP—Blackstart Capability Plan BES—Bulk electric system (Electricity transmission) BESS—Battery Energy Storage System BfP—Bureau Fédéral du Plan (Belgium). (Has responsibilities over economic, social and environmental policy bhp—Brake horsepower BIA—Bureau of Indian Affairs (US) BIPS—Bulk Independent Power System BIPV—Building Integrated Photo Voltaic bl—Barrel BLM—Bureau of Land Management of United States Department of the Interior BLS—Bureau of Labor Statistics of United States Department of Labor BOE—Barrel of oil equivalent (international) BPA—Bonneville Power Administration (US) BPCS—Basic Process Control System BPL—Broadband over power line BPS—Bulk Power System (Electricity transmission) BTMG—Behind The Meter Generation BTU—British thermal unit(s) BTU—Board of Trade unit (1 kWh) (UK historical) BTX—from BTX process, a mixture of benzene, toluene, and xylene (oil) BuRec—United States Bureau of Reclamation (government) BWR—Boiling water reactor (nuclear)

C C&I—Commercial and industrial customers (Electricity transmission) CA—Carbon Abatement- increasing carbon-neutrality —Control area (EU) – The portion of the generation and transmission system controlled by a single transmission system operator. (See also TSO). CAA—Clean Air Act (US) CAEM—Center for the Advancement of Energy Markets (US) CAES—Compressed Air Energy Storage CAFE—Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards (US) CAISO—California Independent System Operator Corporation, a regional transmission organization. (US) CAM—Compact Auxiliary Module CAP—Capacity market programs —Climate Action Plan CAPM—Capital asset pricing model CARB—California Air Resources Board CBL—Customer Baseline Load CBM—Capacity Benefit Margin CBOB—Conventional Gasoline Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending (Motor Gasoline Blending Component) CC—Combined cycle see also CCPP and CCGT CCB—Change Control Board CCF—Common Cause Failure CCGT—Combined cycle gas turbine electricity generator CCLIP—Conditional Credit Line for Investment Projects CCN—Certificate of Convenience and Necessity (utilities regulation) CCPG—Colorado Coordinated Planning Group CCPP—Combined cycle power plant CD—Contract Demand CDD—Cooling degree day, a qualitative index used to reflect the demand for energy to cool a business CDM—Clean Development Mechanism CDR—Carbon dioxide removal CEA—Country Environmental Analysis CEC—California Energy Commission —Commission for Environmental Cooperation —Council of the European Communities CEEC—Central and Eastern European Countries CEMS—Continuous emissions monitoring system CEP—Country Environmental Profile —Clean Energy Partnership, a joint hydrogen-project in Europe. CEPS—Centre for European Policy Studies CEPII—Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales Economics think tank CEQ—Council on Environmental Quality CER—Certified Emission Reduction CERA—Cambridge Energy Research Associates CERCLA—Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act "Superfund" (US) CERCLIS—Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System (US) CERTS—Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and California Energy Commission (US) CfD—Contract for difference CFS—cubic feet per second CFTC—Commodity Futures Trading Commission CGR—Charge Gas Recirculation, Compact Gas Ramp (like FGSU) CH4—Methane CHP—Combined heat and power CI—Configuration Item CIAC—Contributions in Aid of Construction CIP—Critical Infrastructure Protection (US) —see also EPCIP European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection CMVE—Competitive Market Value Estimate CNG—Compressed natural gas CO—Carbon monoxide CO2—Carbon dioxide COC—Cost of capital COE—U.S. Army Corps of Engineers COTS—Commercial Off-The-Shelf CP—Coincident Peak —Certificate Proceeding CPA—California Power Authority CPI—Consumer Price Index CPP—Critical Peak Pricing CPP-F—Critical peak fixed CPP-F—Critical peak variable CPS—Control Performance Standard —Cycles per second (hertz) CPUC—California Public Utilities Commission CR—Change Request CREF—Caribbean Renewable Energy Facility CRP—Conservation Reserve Program (US) CRT—Capacity Reservation Tariff CSD—Commission for Sustainable Development (UN) CSEM—Center for the Study of Energy Markets (US) CSP—Country Strategy Paper —Curtailment service provider CT—Combustion turbine (electricity) CW—Cooling Water CZMA—Coastal Zone Management Act

D DADRP—Day Ahead Demand Response Program DADS—Demand response Availability Data System DANIDA—Danish International Development Agency DA-RTP—RTP Day ahead real time pricing (regarding Electricity metering) DC—Direct current DCLM—Direct control load management DCS—Disturbance Control Standard DD—Dangerous Detected DEFG—Distributed Energy Financial Group (US) DEIS—Draft Environmental Impact Statement (US) DER—Distributed Energy Resources DERMS—Distributed Energy Resource Management Systems DF—Distribution Factor, Dual-Fuel DG—Distributed generation (electricity) —Directorate-General (EU) (government) DIIS—Danish Institute for International Studies (organization) DLC—Direct load control (regarding Load management) DME—Disturbance Monitoring Equipment DO—Dissolved oxygen DoD—Depth of discharge, energy drawn from a battery DOE—United States Department of Energy (government) DOE/FE—United States Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy (government) DOI—United States Department of the Interior (government) DOT—United States Department of Transportation (government) DP—Distribution point DPI—Differential Pressure Indicator DR—Demand response DRAM—Demand Response and Advanced Metering Coalition DRB—Demonstrated reserve base DRCC—Demand Response Coordinating Council (coalition) DRR—Demand Response resources DRRC—Demand Response Research Center (California) DSM—Demand side management DSO—Distribution system operator (regarding electricity distribution) Dth—Dekatherm (defined as 1 million British thermal units, also written "MMBtu") (measurement) DTW—dealer tank wagon (as in, "oil companies setting regional dealer tank wagon pricing") (Oil) DU—Dangerous Undetected

E E&D—Exploration and development expenses E/E/PE—Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic E85—E85 fuel: A fuel containing a mixture of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline E95—like E85 fuel but with less gasoline. A fuel containing a mixture of 95 percent ethanol and 5 percent gasoline EA—Environmental assessment as in an Environmental impact assessment EAR—Estimated additional resources, as in considering reserves of uranium deposits EC—European Commission ECAR—East Central Area Reliability Coordination Agreement (US) EPCIP—European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection ECPA—Electric Consumers Protection Act (US) EDC—Electric Distribution Company (electricity) EdF—Electricité de France EDRP—Emergency demand response program EE—Energy efficiency EEI—Edison Electric Institute —Energy Efficiency Index for European Union energy labels EEQ—Engineered Equipment EERS—Energy Efficiency Resource Standards EF—Earth Fault EGHE—Exhaust Gas Heat Exchanger EHV—Extra high voltage EIA—Energy Information Administration (US) —Environmental impact assessment (international) EIB—European Investment Bank EIM—Energy Imbalance Market (electricity) EIPP—Eastern Interconnection Phasor Project EIS—Environmental Impact Statement (US) ELCON—Electricity Consumers Resources Council EMF—Electro magnetic field EMP—Environmental Management Plan EOR—Enhanced oil recovery EPA—United States Environmental Protection Agency EPAct—Energy Policy Act of 1992 (US) —Energy Policy Act of 2005 (US) EPC—Engineering, Procurement and Construction EPRI—Electric Power Research Institute (US) EPSA—Electric Power Supply Association EQR—Electric Quarterly Report ERA—Economic Regulatory Administration (part of United States Department of Energy ERCOT—Electric Reliability Council of Texas, Inc, a regional transmission organization. (US) ERGEG—European Regulators Group for Electricity and Gas ERIS—Energy Resource Interconnection Service (electricity) ERO—Electric Reliability Organization. The US designated NERC as its ERO. ERoEI—Energy returned on energy invested ERRA—Energy Regulators Regional Association ESCO—Energy service company ESI—Environmental Sustainability Index ESMAP—Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme ESM—Engine Safety Module ESP—Electrostatic precipitator ESS—Energy Storage System, as in grid energy storage (electricity) ETBE—ethyl tertiary butyl ether ETSO—European Transmission System Operators association EU—European Union EUC—Equipment Under Control EUEF—European Union Energy Facility EUEI—European Union Energy Initiative

F FAC—Fuel Adjustment Clause FACTS—Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System FASB—Financial Accounting Standards Board FAT—Factory Acceptance Testing FBD—Function(al) Block Diagram FBR—fast breeder reactor FCITC—First Contingency Incremental Transfer Capability FE—Final Element FEIS—Final Environmental impact statement (US) FELCC—Firm Energy Load Carrying Capability FERA—Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment FERC—Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (U.S.) FG—Fuel Gas FGD—Flue-gas desulfurization FGSU—Fuel Gas Supply Unit (like CGR) FINESSE—Financing Energy Services for Small Scale Users Fishway—Fish ladder FLD—Functional Logic Diagram FLPMA—Federal Land Policy and Management Act (US) FME—Free market economics FMEA—Failure Modes and Effects Analysis FONSI—Finding of no significant impact. See Environmental impact statement (US) FPA—Federal Power Act (US) FPC—Federal Power Commission (US) FPL—Fixed Program Language FPS—Firm peaking service. See Peaking power plant FRCC—Florida Reliability Coordinating Council (US) FRS—Financial Reporting System FS—Functional Safety FSA—Functional Safety Assessment FSD—Functional Safety Deliverable(s) FSM—Functional Safety Management, Functional Safety Manager FSMS—Functional Safety Management System FT—Firm Transportation Service FTA—Fault Tree Analysis FTC—Federal Trade Commission (US) FTR—Firm Transmission Rights —Financial Transmission Rights. See explanation in electricity markets. FTS—Firm transportation service FUA—The Fuel Use Act (US) FUCO—Foreign Utility Company FVL—Full Variability Language FWPA—Federal Water Power Act (US)

G G&T—Generation and transmission utility cooperative (electricity) GADS—Generating Availability Data System (electricity) GAL—gallon (measurement) GAO—Government Accountability Office (General Accounting Office) (US) (government) GATT—General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (government) GCB—Generator Circuit Breaker GDP—gross domestic product (economics) GEF—Global Environmental Facility (environment) Genco—Any company doing electricity generation (US) (electricity) GFN—Global Footprint Network GFSE—Global Forum on Sustainable Energy (organization) GIC—Gross Inland (energy) Consumption (EU) (energy) GHG—Greenhouse gas (climate) GIA—Generator Interconnection Agreement (electricity) GIC—Gas Inventory Charge (natural gas) GISB—Gas Industry Standards Board (now NAESB) (US) (natural gas) GLDF—Generator to Load Distribution Factor. See Load balancing (electricity) Gm3—Billion cubic metres (measurement – gas) GMO—Genetically modified organism GMP—Green Mountain Power (US) (electricity) GNP—gross national product (economics) GNSED—Global Network for Sustainable Energy Development GRI—Gas Research Institute (US) (natural gas) GRC—General rate case (US) (regulatory) GridCo—Any company running a transmission grid (electricity). Also known as a TransCo (US) (electricity) GSF—Generator to Load Distribution Factor. See Load balancing (electricity) GPE—gravitational potential energy GPRS—Gas Pressure Reduction System GSR—Gas Supply Realignment (natural gas) Gt—Gigaton (1 billion tons) (measurement) Gtc—GCB (Generator Circuit Breaker) trip circuit GTCC—Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (electricity) GTI—Gas Technology Institute (US) Gtoe—One billion tons of oil equivalent(EU) (measurement- oil) GVEP—Global Village Energy Partnership (organization) GVW—gross vehicle weight (transportation) GW—Gigawatt (one billion watts) (measurement- elect) GWE—Gigawatt of electric energy (measurement- elect) GWh—Gigawatt hour (one billion watt hours) (measurement- elect) GWP—global warming potential (climate)

H H&RA—Hazard And Risk Analysis HAZID—Hazard Identification HAZOP—Hazard And Operability Study HCA—Host Control Area (electricity) HDD—Heating degree days a qualitative index used to reflect the demand for energy to heat a business (conservation) HERS—Home energy rating standard (conservation) HHI—Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (markets) HID—high intensity discharge (electricity) HMI—Human Machine Interface hp—Horsepower (measurement) HRSG—Heat recovery steam generation HS—Hardware Safety proof test frequency HTGR—high temperature gas cooled reactor (nuclear) HVAC—Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (conservation) —High voltage alternating current (electricity) HVAR—Highly Valued Aquatic Resource HVDC—High Voltage Direct Current

I I/C—Interruptible /Curtailable (electricity) ICAP—Installed Capacity (electricity) ICAP-SCR—Installed capacity special case resources (electricity) ICCP—Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol (electricity) ICE—Internal combustion engine (transportation) ICT—Independent Coordinator of Transmission (US) (electricity) —Information and Communication Technology IDC—Interchange Distribution Calculator (electricity) IEA—International Energy Agency (Paris) IEC—International Electrotechnical Commission IEM—Internal electricity market (electricity) IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEPE—Institute of Energy Policy and Economics (France) IER—Incremental Energy Rate IET—International emission trading (policy) IGCC—Integrated coal gasification combined cycle IGIC—Interim gas inventory charge (natural gas) IGSC—Interim gas supply charge (natural gas) IGT—Institute of Gas Technology (natural gas) IGU—International Gas Union (natural gas) IHR—Incremental Heat Rate- plant monitoring (electricity) IIASA—International Institute for Applied System Analysis IJC—International Joint Commission ILP—Integrated Licensing Process INGAA—Interstate Natural Gas Association of America IOS—Interconnected Operations Services (electricity) IOU—Investor owned utility (electricity) IPAA—Independent Petroleum Association of America (oil) IPCC—Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (climate) IPF—Independent Protection Function IPL—Independent Protection Layer IPP—Independent Power Producer (electricity) IPS/UPS—Integrated Power System/United Power System, consisting of Independent Power Systems of 12 countries bordering Russia and the Unified Power System of Russia IRC—ISO / RTO Council (electricity) IROL—Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (electricity) IRP—Integrated resource planning IRR—Internal Rate of Return (finance) ISO—Independent System Operator (US) (see also TSO) Responsible for grid management, but does not own assets. (electricity) ISO-NE—Independent System Operator of New England, a regional transmission organization. (US) (electricity) ISO—NE ISO New England, Inc. (electricity) ISS—Interruptible Sales Service IT—Interruptible Transportation is gas shipment via pipeline whose delivery may be interrupted in favor of "firm shipment" contracts if there is lack of capacity. (natural gas) ITC—Investment tax credit (policy) ITS—"Interruptible Transportation Service" is gas shipment via pipeline whose delivery may be interrupted in favor of "firm shipment" contracts if there is lack of capacity. (natural gas)

J JRC—Joint Research Centre JREC—Johannesburg Renewable Energy Coalition

K koe—One kilogram oil equivalent (EU) (measurement) KPI—Key Performance Indicator kV—Kilovolt (one thousand volts) (measurement) kVA—One thousand volt Ampere (measurement) kvar—one thousand vars (measurement) kW—Kilowatt (one thousand watts) (measurement) kWE—kilowatt electric (measurement) kWh—Kilowatt hour (one thousand watt hours) (measurement)

L LaaR—Load acting as a resource (ERCOT category) (electricity) LBA—Local Balancing Authority (electricity) LBNL—Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US) LCOD—Levelized cost of delivery (electricity) LCOE—Levelized cost of energy (electricity) LCOS—Levelized cost of storage (electricity) LDC—Local distribution company (electricity) LE—Latest Estimate LED—Light Emitting Diode LEL—Lower Explosion Limit LEVP—Low Emissions Vehicle Program LHV—lower heating value Li-Ion—Lithium Ion (electricity storage) LIHEAP—Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program LIPA—Long Island Power Authority (US) (electricity) LLF—Load-loss factor (electricity) LMP—Locational marginal price/pricing. See explanation in electricity markets. LMR—Load Modifying Resource (electricity) LNG—Liquified Natural Gas LO—Lube Oil LOC—Lube Oil Cooler LODF—Line Outage Distribution Factor (electricity) LOLE—Loss of load expectation (electricity) LOLP—Loss of load probability (electricity) LOPA—Layer of Protection Analysis LOTO—Lockout / tagout. LPG—liquefied petroleum gas LPN—Lender Participation Notes LRG—liquefied refinery gases LSE—Load serving entity LSF—Load Shift Factor lsfo—Low sulfur fuel oil LVL—Limited Variability Language LWR—light water reactor

M MAAC—Mid Atlantic Area Council (US- geographically within PJM) MADRI—Mid Atlantic Distributed Resources Initiative (US) MAIN—Mid America Interconnected Network (US) MAOP—Maximum allowable operating pressure MAPP—Mid Continent Area Power Pool (US) MBD—million barrels per day MBOE—One million barrels of oil equivalent(EU) MBR—Market based Rates MBS—Macro economic Budget Support MBU—Main Breaker Unit Mcf—Roman numeral "M" for one thousand cubic feet (measurement of natural gas) MDAS—Meter Data Acquisition System MDD—Maximum Daily Delivery Obligations MDDQ—Maximum Daily Delivery Quantity MDM—Meter Data Management MDQ—Maximum Daily Quantities MECS—Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey MEDREG—Mediterranean Energy Regulators MEDREP—Mediterranean Renewables Energy Partnership MER—Maximum efficient rate MERC—Mobile Emission Reduction Credit (MERC) (US) MFS—Minimum Functional Specification MFV—Modified fixed variable rate MISO—Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. A regional transmission organization. (US) MLP—Maximum lawful price MLRA—Major Land Resource Areas MM—Used to denote million in gas usage MMbbl/d—one million barrels of oil per day MMBtu—1 million British thermal units, same as dekatherm MMC—Market Monitoring Center MMCF—one million cubic feet (measurement of natural gas) MMCFD—one million cubic feet per day MMGAL—one million gallons MMGAL/D—one million gallons per day MMS—Minerals Management Service (US) MMST—one million short tons MoC—Management of Change MODFLOW—model of groundwater flow MOU—Memorandum of Understanding MOX—mixed oxide fuel (nuclear) MPAN—Meter Point Administration Number MPG—Miles per gallon MRO—Midwest Reliability Organization (US) MRT—Mean Repair Time MSA—metropolitan statistical area MSHA—Mine Safety and Health Administration (US) msl—Mean sea level MSW—Municipal solid waste Mt—one million tons (ambiguous as to whether short tons or metric tons) —one Metric ton MTBE—methyl tertiary butyl ether MTEF—Medium Term Expenditure Framework MTEP—Midwest ISO Transmission Expansion Plan 2005 (US) Mtoe—One million tons of oil equivalent(EU) MTTF—Mean Time To Failure MTTFd—Mean Time To dangerous Failure Muni—Municipality MVA—Megavolt amperes (one million volt amperes) MW—Megawatt (one million watts) MWE—megawatt electric MWh—Megawatt hour (one million watt hours)

N NAAQS—National Ambient Air Quality Standards (US) NAESB—North American Energy Standards Board (formerly GISB) NAFTA—North American Free Trade Agreement NAICS—North American Industry Classification System NAP—National Renewable Energy Action Plan NARUC—National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (US) [1] NAS—United States National Academy of Sciences NASPI—North American Synchrophasor Initiative NASUCA—National Association of Utility Consumer Advocates(US) NATC—Non Recallable Available Transfer Capability NBS—National Bureau of Standards (US) NCD—Non coincidental Demand NCEP—National Council on Electricity Policy (US) [2] NCSL—National Conference of State Legislatures (US) NEA—The National Energy Act of 1978 (US) NEB—National Energy Board (Canada) NEDRI—New England Distributed Resources Initiative (US) NEM—Net energy metering (US) NEPA—National Environmental Policy Act (US) NEPOOL—New England Power Pool NERC—North American Electric Reliability Council NGA—Natural Gas Act (US) NGAA—Natural Gasoline Association of America (US) NGL—natural gas liquids NGPA—Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (US) NGPL—Natural gas plant liquids NGPSA—Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 (US) NGSA—Natural Gas Supply Association (US) NGV—Natural gas vehicle NHPA—National Historic Preservation Act (US) NIETC—National Interest Electric Transmission Corridor (US) NITC—Normal Incremental Transfer Capability NIMBY—Not in my backyard regarding siting of energy generation and transmission infrastructure. NOAA—National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US) NOC—National Oil Company NOI—Notice of Intent or Notice of Inquiry or Notice of Investigation NOPR—Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (US) NORDEL—association of Nordic electric system operators, comprising Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden NOx—nitrogen oxides NPCC—Northeast Power Coordinating Council (US) NPV—Net Present Value NRC—Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US) NRCS—National Resource Conservation Service (US) NRECA—National Association of Rural Electric Cooperatives (US) NREL—National Renewable Energy Laboratory (US) NREPA—National Resource and Environmental Protection Act (US) NRI—National Rivers Inventory (US) NRIS—Network Resource Interconnection Service (electricity) NSA—Noise sensitive area NTAC—Northwest Transmission Assessment Committee (US) NUG—Non Utility Generator NURE—national uranium resource evaluation (US) NYDER—New York Department of Environmental Resources NYISO—New York Independent System Operator, Inc. (US) NYMEX—New York Mercantile Exchange NYPSC—New York Public Service Commission NYSERDA—New York State Energy Research and Development Authority NIMYBY—Not In My BackYard

O O&M—Operation and Maintenance Expenses O3—Ozone OASIS—Open Access Same-Time Information System OATI—Open Access Technology International (US energy software company) OATT—Open Access Transmission Tariff (US) OCGT—Open Cycle Gas Turbine OCS—Outer Continental Shelf (oil and wind resources) OCSLA—Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (oil) OECD—Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OEM—original equipment manufacturers OFO—Operational Flow Order OI—Order Intake OMP—Operation and Maintenance Plan Ontario—IESO Ontario Independent Electricity System Operator (Canada) OPEC—Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries (oil) OPRG—oxygenated fuels program reformulated gasoline (oil) OREC—ocean resource energy credits ORNL—Oak Ridge National Laboratory (U.S.) (nuclear) OSHA—U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration OTAG—Ozone Transport Assessment Group OTDF—Outage Transfer Distribution Factor OTEC—ocean thermal energy conversion (electricity)

P P&ID—Piping & Instrumentation Diagram PA—Planning Authority —Programmatic Agreement PADD—Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (US) PBR —pebble bed reactor (nuclear) —performance based rates (electricity) —Performance-based regulation PCB—polychlorinated biphenyl PCM—Project Cycle Management PCS—Power conversion system, electric power conversion. Plant Control System. PCT—Programmable Communicating Thermostat (electricity), Production Conformity Test PD—Preliminary Determination PDC—Phasor data concentrator. See description in phasor measurement unit article. (electricity) PDCI—Pacific Direct Current Intertie (US) (electricity) PDT—Pressure Differential Transmitter PE—Programmable Electronic PERC—Passivated Emitter Rear Contact (type of PV cell) PEM—Proton Exchange Membrane PFC—perfluorocarbons PFD—Probability of (dangerous) Failure on Demand PFDavg—Average Probability of Failure on Demand PFH—Probability of (dangerous) Failure per Hour PG&E—Pacific Gas & Electric (US) (electricity) PGA—Purchased gas adjustment PHA—Production Handling Agreement, Process Hazard Analysis PHFFU—Plant held for future use PIDX—Petroleum Industry Data Exchange (oil) PIER—Public Interest Energy Research (CEC) PIFUA—Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 PIU—Proven In Use PJM—PJM Interconnection, LLC, a regional transmission organization. (US) (electricity) PLC—Power line communication (electricity), Programmable Logic Controller PLMA—Peak Load Management Association (US) (electricity) PM—Particulate matter, Project Manager PM&E—Protection, mitigation and enhancement PMA—Power Marketing Administration or Fed. Power Marketing Agency (US) (electricity) PMU—Phasor measurement unit (electricity) PNNL—Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (DOE) (US) POD—Point of Delivery PoE—Power over Ethernet POLES—Prospective On Long Term Energy Systems POLR—Provider of last resort (electricity) PPA—Power Purchase Agreement (electricity) PPI—producer price index ppmv—Parts Per Million by Volume ppp—Purchasing power parity PPR—Potential peak reduction PREP—Pacific Regional Energy Programme PRESSEA—Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources in South East Asia (PRESSEA) Prim—Primary (electricity) nuclear, hydro, geothermal, wind, solar PSC—Public Service Commission PSD—Prevention of Significant Deterioration, Process ShutDown, Power Supply Drive PSE—Puget Sound Energy (US) (electricity) PSoC—Partial State of Charge, operational mode of grid supporting batteries able to respond to both demand and excess production, see UltraBattery PSV—Pressure Safety Valve PTDF—Power Transfer Distribution Factor (electricity) PTP—Point to Point Transmission Service (electricity) PUC—Public utilities commission (electricity) PUD—Public utility district (electricity) PUHCA—Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (US) (electricity) PURPA—Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (US) (electricity) PV—photovoltaic (solar) PVC—photovoltaic cell (solar) PVC—polyvinyl chloride PWR—pressurized water reactor (nuclear) PX—Power exchange

Q QF—qualifying facility QRA—Quantitative Risk Assessment QSE—Qualifying scheduling entity QUAD—1015 Btu (a quadrillion in the short scale)

R R/P—Reserve on Production —Reserves to Production RA—Risk Assessment RAB—Regional Advisory Body (US) RAC—Refiners' acquisition cost RAP—Regulatory Assistance Project RAR—Reasonable assured resources RAS—Remedial Action Scheme RATC—Recallable Available Transmission Capability RBMK—Russian: Реактор Большой Мощности Канальный = "High Power Channel Type Reactor" (RU) RBOB—reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending RC—Reliability Coordinator RCIS—Reliability Coordinator Information System RCM—Reliability-Centered Maintenance RCRA—Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (US) RDF—refuse derived fuel (electricity) REA—Rural Electrification Administration (US) REC—Renewable energy credit (US) RECS—Residential Energy Consumption Survey (US) REEEP—Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership RER—Renewable Energy Rider RES—Renewable energy source RET/EE—IAF Renewable Energy Technology & Energy Efficiency Investment Advisory Facility RF—Radio frequency RFA—Regulatory Flexibility Act (US) RFC—ReliabilityFirst Corporation (US) (electricity) RFG—reformulated gasoline (oil) RFI—Request for Interchange RFP—Request for proposals RGGI—Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative RGS—Renewable Generating System RM—Rulemaking RMATS—Rocky Mountain Area Transmission Study (US) (electricity) RMR—Reliability Must Run (electricity) RMU—Removal Units ROA—Return of Assets (finance) ROE—Return of Equity (finance) ROFR—Right of First Refusal (finance) ROI—Return on Investment ROW—Right of Way RPM—Reliability Pricing Model. See explanation in electricity market#Deregulated market experience. (electricity) RPN—Risk Priority Number RPS—Renewable Portfolio Standards (US) RRO—Regional reliability organization (US) RSE—Revenue Stream Estimate (finance) RSE—relative standard error RTBM—Real-Time Balancing Market (electricity) RTEP—Regional transmission expansion plan RTG—Regional Transmission Group (US) RTO—Regional transmission organization (US) RTP—Real time Pricing RTU—Remote Terminal Unit RUS—Rural Utilities Service RVP—Reid vapor pressure

S SCADA—Supervisory control and data acquisition a remote control and telemetry system used to monitor and control the electrical system SCE—Southern California Edison (US) SCE&G—South Carolina Electric & Gas (US) scf—Standard cubic foot SCO—Stranded Cost Obligation (finance) SCR—Special Case Resources (US- NYISO category) SCR—Selective Catalytic Reduction SDG&E—San Diego Gas & Electric (US) SEA—Strategic Environmental Assessment SEC—Securities and Exchange Commission (US) SEER—seasonal energy efficiency ratio SEFI—Sustainable Energy Finance Initiative SEIA—Sustainable Energy Industry Association Seams—Interconnections Seam Study SEPA—Smart Energy Power Alliance SERC—Southeastern Electric Reliability Council (US) SERH—Safety Equipment Reliability Handbook SF—Safe Failure SF6—sulfur hexafluoride SFC—Solid oxide fuel cell (transportation), Static Frequency Converter SFEIS—Supplemental Final Environmental Impact Statement (US) SFF—Safe Failure Fraction SFV—Straight Fixed Variable SG—Spark-ignited Gas SGR—State game refuge (US) SHPO—State Historic Preservation Office (US) SI—International System of Units (Système international d'unités) SIC—Standard Industrial Classification SIF—Safety Instrumented Function SIL—Safety Integrity Level SIS—Safety Instrumented System SLC—Safety Life Cycle SMES—Superconducting magnetic energy storage SMPs—Special Marketing Programs SNG—Synthetic Natural Gas or Substitute Natural Gas SO2—Sulfur dioxide SoC—State of charge of rechargeable battery SOGAV—Solenoid Operated Gas Admission Valve SoH—State of health of rechargeable battery SOL—System Operating Limit SPCC—Spill Prevention, Containment and Countermeasure Plan SPM—Synchronized phasor measurement- a WAMS network with synchrophasor sensors (PMUs). (electricity) SPP—Southwest Power Pool Inc., a regional transmission organization (US) —Statewide Pricing Pilot (US-California) —Small power producer (electricity) SPR—Strategic Petroleum Reserve (US) SPS—Special Protection System SR—Speculative resources For example, regarding uranium deposits. (nuclear) SRP—Salt River Agricultural Improvement & Power District (US) (electricity) SRS—Safety Requirements Specification SSG—WI PWG Seams Steering Group of Western Interconnection PlanningWork Group (US) (electricity) SSM—Synchronized system measurement-a WAMS with synchronous sensors in addition to PMUs. See Phasor networks. SSOV—Safety ShutOff Valve STEP—Southwest Transmission Expansion Plan group (US) (electricity) SVC—Static VAR compensator (electricity) SVEC—Shenandoah Valley Electric Cooperative SWAT—Southwest Area Transmission (US) (electricity) SWU—Separative work unit

T TAME—Tertiary amyl methyl ether TAPS—Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (natural gas) TBA—tertiary butyl alcohol TBL—transmission business line (electricity) TBS—town border station TF—Test frequency Tcf—Trillion cubic feet (measurement) TCR—Transition cost recovery (mechanism) TDU—Transmission Dependent Utility (electricity) TEFRA—Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1985 TEN—Trans-European Networks (electricity) TLR—Transmission Line Loading Relief Procedures (electricity) TMEL—Target mean time between (dangerous) failures TO—Transmission owner (electricity) toe—Ton of oil equivalent (EU) TOP—transmission operator (electricity) TOU—time of use (rate) (electricity) Transco—transmission company (US) (electricity) —Transcontinental Pipeline (US) (natural gas) —National Transmission Corporation (Philippines) TRM—Transmission reliability margin (electricity) TS—Two-stage TSO—Transmission system operator) (electricity) TSR—Transmission service request (electricity) TTC—Total transfer capability (electricity) TVA—Tennessee Valley Authority (US) (electricity) TW—terawatt (one trillion watts) (measurement) TWH—terawatt-hour (one trillion watt hours) T&D—Transmission and distribution

U U.S.C.—United States Code U3O8—triuranium octaoxide (nuclear) UAE—United Arab Emirates (oil) UCAP—Unforced Capacity (electricity) UCTE—Union for the Coordination of the Transport of Electricity, the power transmission system of continental Europe UD—Useful Diagnostic coverage UF6—uranium hexafluoride (nuclear) UFLS—Under frequency load shedding (electricity) UHVAC—ultra-high-voltage alternating current (electricity) UHVDC—ultra-high-voltage direct current (electricity) ULCC—Ultra Large Crude Carrier (oil) UMTRA—Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (US) UNCCD—United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDESA—UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNDP—United Nations Development Programme UNDP—United Nations Development Programme UNECE—United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNEP—United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC—United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIC—Universal Control(s) UO2—uranium dioxide (nuclear) UO3—uranium trioxide (nuclear) UO4—uranyl peroxide (nuclear) UOX—uranium oxide (nuclear) URR—Ultimate Recoverable Resources USBR—United States Bureau of Reclamation USCE—United States Army Corps of Engineers US DOE—United States Department of Energy USGS—United States Geological Survey UVLS—under voltage load shedding (electricity)

V V—Volt (measurement) VA—Volt-ampere (measurement) var—Volt-ampere reactive (measurement) VAWT—vertical axis wind turbine (wind) VIN—vehicle identification number (US) (transportation) VLCC—very large crude carrier (oil) VMT—vehicle miles traveled (transportation) VOC—volatile organic compound VPP—Variable peak pricing (electricity) VSA—Voltage stability analysis

W W—Watt WACOG—weighted average cost of gas WAMS—Wide area measurement system, also Wide area monitoring system - see description in phasor measurement unit article. (electricity) WCMC—World Conservation Monitoring Centre WCRE—World Commission on Renewable Energy WEA—World Energy Assessment WEC—World Energy Council WECC—Western Electricity Coordinating Council (US) WEI—Western Electric Institute (US) WEEA—World Energy Efficiency Organization WH—watthour (measurement) WHO—World Health Organization WI—Work Item WIRAB—Western Interconnection Regional Advisory Body (US) WRI—World Resources Institute WSCC—Western Systems Coordinating Council (US) WSPP—Western Systems Power Pool (US) WSSD—World Summit on Sustainable Development WTG—Wind turbine generator (wind) WTI—West Texas Intermediate (US) WTP—Willingness to pay WY—Water Year (measurement)

Appendix: Residential energy acronyms The following table lists a number of terms that are used in the United States for residential energy audits.

AFUE—annual fuel utilization efficiency BTL—building tightness limit (building tightness) CDH—cooling degree hours (climate) CFL—compact fluorescent light COP—coefficient of performance CRI—color rendering index EEM—Energy Efficient Mortgage EER—energy efficiency ratio EF—energy factor (clothes washers) EIM—Energy Improvement Mortgage ERV—energy-recovery ventilator HDD—heating degree day HHI—home heating index HID—high-intensity discharge HRV—heat-recovery ventilator HSPF—heating seasonal performance factor HVI—Home Ventilating Institute IECC—International Energy Conservation Code K-value—thermal conductance Low-e—low emissivity LEED—Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, standard for Green Building design MEF—modified energy factor (clothes washers) MINHERS—Mortgage Industry National Home Energy Rating Systems Standards MVG—minimum ventilation guideline (building tightness) MVL—minimum ventilation level (building tightness) NAECA—National Appliance Energy Conservation Act ODS—oxygen depletion sensor RESNET—Residential energy services network R-value—thermal resistance SC—shading coefficient (windows) SEER—seasonal E efficiency ratio SHGC—solar heat gain coefficient SIR—savings-to-investment ratio (energy conservation investments) SLA—Specific leakage area SPB—Simple Payback (energy conservation investments) SSE—steady-state efficiency U-value—thermal transmittance (also called U-factor) WF—water factor (clothes washers)

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