science

List of freshwater fish of Sumatra

List of freshwater fish of Sumatra is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of freshwater fish of Sumatra rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of freshwater fish species found in Sumatra, Indonesia. This list also includes freshwater fish found on small islands around Sumatra, such as Simeulue, Nias Islands, Mentawai Islands, Enggano, Riau Islands (except Natuna and Anambas), Lingga Islands, Bangka and Belitung.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

This is a list of freshwater fish species found in Sumatra, Indonesia. This list also includes freshwater fish found on small islands around Sumatra, such as Simeulue, Nias Islands, Mentawai Islands, Enggano, Riau Islands (except Natuna and Anambas), Lingga Islands, Bangka and Belitung. Island names written in brackets indicate that the species is endemic to that island, or is only known to occur on that island. The listing below is based on the taxonomic treatment of FishBase.

Order Carcharhiniformes

Family Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839)

Order Rhinopristiformes

Family Pristidae Pristis pristis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Order Myliobatiformes

Family Dasyatidae Fluvitrygon kittipongi Vidthayanon & Roberts, 2005 Fluvitrygon signifer Compagno & Roberts, 1982 Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878) Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852)

Order Osteoglossiformes

Family Osteoglossidae Scleropages formosus (Müller & Schlegel, 1844)

Family Notopteridae Chitala borneensis (Bleeker, 1851) Chitala lopis (Bleeker, 1851) Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769)

Order Elopiformes

Family Megalopidae Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782)

Order Anguilliformes

Family Anguillidae Anguilla bengalensis (Gray, 1831) Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844

Family Muraenidae Gymnothorax tile (Hamilton, 1822) Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Bleeker, 1854)

Order Clupeiformes

Family Ehiravidae Clupeichthys goniognathus Bleeker, 1855 Clupeichthys perakensis (Herre, 1936) Clupeoides borneensis Bleeker, 1851 Sundasalanx platyrhynchus Siebert & Crimmen, 1997

Family Engraulididae Coilia borneensis (Bleeker, 1852) Coilia lindmani Bleeker, 1858 Lycothrissa crocodilus (Bleeker, 1851) Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849)

Order Cypriniformes

Family Cyprinidae

Family Danionidae

Family Leptobarbidae Leptobarbus hoevenii (Bleeker, 1851)

Family Paedocyprididae Paedocypris progenetica Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2006

Family Sundadanionidae Sundadanio atomus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011 (Singkep) Sundadanio axelrodi (Brittan, 1976) (Bintan) Sundadanio gargula Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011 (Bangka) Sundadanio goblinus Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011

Family Xenocyprididae Macrochirichthys macrochirus (Valenciennes, 1844) Oxygaster anomalura van Hasselt, 1823 Parachela cyanea Kottelat, 1995 Parachela hypophthalmus (Bleeker, 1860) Parachela johorensis Steindachner, 1870 Parachela oxygastroides (Bleeker, 1852) Rasborichthys helfrichii (Bleeker, 1857)

Family Balitoridae Balitoropsis ophiolepis (Bleeker, 1853) Balitoropsis zollingeri (Bleeker, 1853) Homaloptera ocellata van der Hoeven, 1830 Homaloptera ogilviei Alfred, 1967 Homaloptera orthogoniata Vaillant, 1902 Homaloptera parclitella Tan & Ng, 2005 Homalopteroides nebulosus (Alfred, 1969) Homalopteroides cf. tweediei (Herre, 1940) Homalopteroides wassinkii (Bleeker, 1853) Homalopterula amphisquamata (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916) Homalopterula gymnogaster (Bleeker, 1853) Homalopterula heterolepis (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916) Homalopterula modiglianii (Perugia, 1893) Homalopterula ripleyi Fowler, 1940 Homalopterula vanderbilti (Fowler, 1940) Neohomaloptera johorensis (Herre, 1944) Pseudohomaloptera tecta Randall, Somarriba, Tongnunui & Page, 2022

Family Nemacheilidae Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1846) Nemacheilus cf. kapuasensis Kottelat, 1984 Nemacheilus longipinnis Ahl, 1922 Nemacheilus papillos Tan & Kottelat, 2009 Nemacheilus pfeifferae (Bleeker, 1853) Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker, 1904 Nemacheilus tuberigum Hadiaty & Siebert, 2001

Family Vaillantellidae Vaillantella euepiptera (Vaillant, 1902) Vaillantella maassi Weber & de Beaufort, 1912

Family Cobitidae Acantopsis dialuzona van Hasselt, 1823 Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert, 1991 Kottelatlimia katik (Kottelat & Lim, 1992) Kottelatlimia pristes (Roberts, 1989) Lepidocephalichthys furcatus (de Beaufort, 1933) Lepidocephalichthys hasselti (Valenciennes, 1846) Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum Kottelat & Lim, 1992 Lepidocephalus macrochir (Bleeker, 1854) Pangio alcoides Kottelat & Lim, 1993 Pangio anguillaris (Vaillant, 1902) Pangio atactos Tan & Kottelat, 2009 Pangio bitaimac Tan & Kottelat, 2009 Pangio cuneovirgata (Raut, 1957) Pangio malayana (Tweedie, 1956) Pangio muraeniformis (de Beaufort, 1933) Pangio oblonga (Valenciennes, 1846) Pangio piperata Kottelat & Lim, 1993 Pangio pulla Kottelat & Lim, 1993 (Bangka) Pangio semicincta (Fraser-Brunner, 1940) Pangio shelfordii (Popta, 1903) Pangio superba (Roberts, 1989)

Family Botiidae Chromobotia macracanthus (Bleeker, 1852) Syncrossus hymenophysa (Bleeker, 1852) Syncrossus reversus (Roberts, 1989)

Family Barbuccidae Barbucca diabolica Roberts, 1989

Order Siluriformes

Family Bagridae

Family Siluridae

Family Ailiidae Laides hexanema (Bleeker, 1852)

Family Horabagridae Pseudeutropius brachypopterus (Bleeker, 1858) Pseudeutropius moolenburghae Weber & de Beaufort, 1913

Family Pangasiidae Helicophagus typus Bleeker, 1858 Helicophagus waandersii Bleeker, 1858 Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846 Pangasius kunyit Pouyaud, Teugels & Legendre, 1999 Pangasius macronema Bleeker, 1850 Pangasius nasutus (Bleeker, 1863) Pangasius polyuranodon Bleeker, 1852 Pseudolais micronemus (Bleeker, 1847)

Family Akysidae Acrochordonichthys rugosus (Bleeker, 1847) Acrochordonichthys ischnosoma Bleeker, 1858 Akysis fontaneus Ng, 2009 Akysis galeatus Page, Rachmatika & Robins, 2007 Akysis heterurus Ng, 1996 Akysis scorteus Page, Hadiaty & López, 2007 Breitensteinia cessator Ng & Siebert, 1998 Parakysis grandis Ng & Lim, 1995 Parakysis hystriculus Ng, 2009 Parakysis longirostris Ng & Lim, 1995 (Bintan) Parakysis verrucosus Herre, 1940 (Bintan, Batam) Pseudobagarius macronemus (Bleeker, 1860)

Family Sisoridae Bagarius lica (Volz, 1903) Glyptothorax amnestus Ng & Kottelat, 2016 Glyptothorax famelicus Ng & Kottelat, 2016 Glyptothorax fuscus Ng & Kottelat, 2016 Glyptothorax keluk Ng & Kottelat, 2016 Glyptothorax ketambe Ng & Hadiaty, 2009 Glyptothorax pedunculatus (Roberts, 2021) Glyptothorax platypogonides (Bleeker, 1855) Glyptothorax plectilis Ng & Hadiaty, 2008 Glyptothorax robustus Boeseman, 1966 Glyptothorax schmidti (Volz, 1904)

Family Chacidae Chaca bankanensis Bleeker, 1852

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of freshwater fish of Sumatra

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of freshwater fish of Sumatra claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of freshwater fish of Sumatra before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of freshwater fish of Sumatra ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of freshwater fish of Sumatra

In research: List of freshwater fish of Sumatra appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of freshwater fish of Sumatra in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of freshwater fish of Sumatra is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Fauna of Sumatra, Fish of Indonesia, Freshwater fish of Sumatra, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of freshwater fish of Sumatra outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of freshwater fish of Sumatra in simple terms?

Why does List of freshwater fish of Sumatra matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of freshwater fish of Sumatra?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

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