science

List of fusor examples

List of fusor examples is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of fusor examples rather than just read about it. In short: The following is a list of fusor examples, examples of the fusor-type nuclear fusion reactor that uses inertial electrostatic confinement Professional Fusors have been theoretically studied at multiple institutions, including: Kyoto University, and Kyushu University. Researchers meet annually at the US-Japan Workshop on Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion.

Key takeaways

List of fusor examples belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of fusor examples to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of fusor examples from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The following is a list of fusor examples, examples of the fusor-type nuclear fusion reactor that uses inertial electrostatic confinement

Professional Fusors have been theoretically studied at multiple institutions, including: Kyoto University, and Kyushu University. Researchers meet annually at the US-Japan Workshop on Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion. The following is a list of machines that were actually built.

Tokyo Institute of Technology has four IEC devices of different shapes: a spherical machine, a cylindrical device, a co-axial double cylinder and a magnetically assisted device. University of Wisconsin-Madison A group at Wisconsin-Madison has been running a very large, funded, fusor program since 1991. Turkish Atomic Energy Authority In 2013 this team built a 30 cm (12 in) fusor at the Saraykoy Nuclear Research and Training center in Turkey. This fusor can reach 85 kV and do deuterium fusion, producing 2.4×104 neutrons per second. University of Illinois Dr. George Miley's team at the fusion studies laboratory has built a ~25 cm (9.8 in) fusor which has produced 1×107 neutrons per second using deuterium gas. University of Sydney Dr. Joseph Khachan's group in the Department of Physics has built a variety of IEC devices in both positive and negative polarities and spherical and cylindrical geometries. Atomic Energy Organization of Iran Researchers at Shahid Beheshti University in Iran have built a 60 cm (24 in) diameter fusor which can produce 1×107 neutrons per second at 140 kV using deuterium gas. Los Alamos National Laboratory In the late nineties, researchers purposed and built a fusor-like system for oscillating plasma, inside a fusor. This device is known as the Periodically Oscillating Plasma Sphere or POPS. Massachusetts Institute of Technology For his doctoral thesis in 2007, Carl Dietrich built a fusor and studied its potential use in spacecraft propulsion. In addition, Tom McGuire did his thesis on fusors with multiple cages and ion guns. ITT Corporation Hirschs original machine was a 17.8 cm (7.0 in) diameter machine with 150 kV voltage drop across it. This machine used ion beams. Phoenix Nuclear Labs has developed a commercial neutron source based on a fusor, achieving 3×1011 neutrons per second with the deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction.

Amateur

A number of amateurs have built working fusors and detected neutrons. Many fusor enthusiasts connect on forums and message boards online. Below are some examples of working fusors.

Richard Hull Since the late nineties, Richard Hull has built several fusors in his home in Richmond, Virginia. In March 1999, he achieved a neutron rate of 10×105 neutrons per second. Hull maintains a list of amateurs who have detected neutrons from fusors. Carl Greninger Founded the Northwest Nuclear Consortium, an organization in Washington state which teaches a class of a dozen high school students nuclear engineering principles using a 60 kV fusor. Taylor Wilson built a Fusor at 14 years old in 2008. Jackson Oswalt built a Fusor at 12 years age in 2018. He is youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion as described by Guinness World Records Matthew Honickman Was a high school student who built a working fusor in his basement in Rochester, New York. Michael Li In 2003, Michael Li became the youngest person to date to build a fusor, winning second place in the US Intel Science Talent Search winning a $75,000 college scholarship. Mark Suppes A web designer for Gucci in Brooklyn New York, built a working fusor on a path to building the first amateur Polywell. Thiago David Olson Built a 40 kV fusor at age 17, in his home in Rochester, Michigan and placed second in the International Science and Engineering Fair in 2007. Jamie Edwards who fused the atom at 13, at his middle school in England. He received a letter from the Duke of York, was invited on The David Letterman Show and gave a TED talk. Conrad Farnsworth of Newcastle, Wyoming produced fusion in 2011 at 17 and used this to win a regional and state science fair.

References

See also Inertial confinement fusion Nuclear fusion

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of fusor examples

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of fusor examples claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of fusor examples before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of fusor examples ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of fusor examples

In research: List of fusor examples appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of fusor examples in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of fusor examples is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics American inventions, Fusion power, Fusion reactors, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of fusor examples outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of fusor examples in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of fusor examples means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of fusor examples out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of fusor examples in simple terms?

The following is a list of fusor examples, examples of the fusor-type nuclear fusion reactor that uses inertial electrostatic confinement Professional Fusors have been theoretically studied at multiple institutions, including: Kyoto University, and Kyushu University. Researchers meet annually at th…

Why does List of fusor examples matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of fusor examples?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of fusor examples.