science

List of hallucinogens

List of hallucinogens is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of hallucinogens rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of hallucinogens, or psychoactive drugs that produce majorly altered states of consciousness. Psychedelics Psychedelics, also known as serotonergic psychedelics or classical hallucinogens, are serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and include the following: Tryptamines such as psilocybin, psilocin, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin, and α-methyltryptamine (AMT) Phenethylamines such as mescal…

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Reference excerpt

This is a list of hallucinogens, or psychoactive drugs that produce majorly altered states of consciousness.

Psychedelics

Psychedelics, also known as serotonergic psychedelics or classical hallucinogens, are serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and include the following:

Tryptamines such as psilocybin, psilocin, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin, and α-methyltryptamine (AMT) Phenethylamines such as mescaline, DOM, 2C-B, 25I-NBOMe, and MDA Lysergamides such as LSD, ergine (LSA), ALD-52 (1A-LSD), ETH-LAD, and LSZ Others such as efavirenz, glaucine (possibly), IHCH-7113, mefloquine (possibly), MK-212, quipazine, and RH-34

Dissociatives

Dissociatives, also known as dissociative hallucinogens or dissociative anesthetics, are NMDA receptor antagonists and include the following:

Arylcyclohexylamines such as ketamine (K), phencyclidine (PCP), methoxetamine (MXE), and tiletamine Morphinans such as dextromethorphan (DXM), its active metabolite dextrorphan (DXO), and dextrallorphan (DXA) Adamantanes such as amantadine and memantine Diarylethylamines such as diphenidine, ephenidine, fluorolintane, and methoxphenidine Inhalants such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and xenon Others such as alkyl nitrites (poppers), aptiganel, dexoxadrol, dizocilpine (MK-801 or MK801), etoxadrol, and selfotel

Deliriants

Deliriants are muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists, also known as antimuscarinics or anticholinergics, and include the following:

Tropanes such as atropine, scopolamine (hyoscine), and hyoscyamine Others such as benztropine, biperidin, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, procyclidine, trihexyphenidyl, and tropicamide

κ-Opioid receptor agonists

κ-Opioid receptor agonists with hallucinogenic effects include the following:

Salvinoids like salvinorin A (found in Salvia divinorum), 2-MMSB, 2-EMSB, and RB-64 (22-thiocyanatosalvinorin A) (possibly) Benzomorphans such as pentazocine, phenazocine, and alazocine Morphinans such as levorphanol, levomethorphan, and nalorphine Others such as spiradoline, enadoline, and HZ-2

GABAergics

GABAA receptor agonists

GABAA receptor agonists with hallucinogenic effects include the following:

Muscimol and ibotenic acid, the active constituents of Amanita muscaria mushrooms Gaboxadol (THIP), a synthetic analogue of muscimol

Indirect GABAA receptor agonists

GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators

Nonbenzodiazepines or Z drugs such as eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone

GABA reuptake inhibitors

CI-966, a potent GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) blocker

Oneirogens

Oneirogens, also known as oneirophrenics, have an unknown mechanism of action and include the following:

β-Carbolines and harmala alkaloids such as harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine (THH), 6-methoxyharmalan, and 6-MeO-THH Iboga alkaloids such as ibogaine and noribogaine

Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids with hallucinogenic effects are cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists and include the following:

Phytocannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC or simply THC) Synthetic cannabinoids such as nabilone, JWH-018, JWH-073, and HU-210 Certain monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors, which inhibit endocannabinoid metabolism and hence are indirect cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists, also produce partial or full cannabinoid-like discriminative stimulus effects in animal drug discrimination tests. Conversely, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors, which inhibit endocannabinoid inactivation as well, do not substitute for cannabinoids, at least by themselves.

Other hallucinogens Other hallucinogens that are not known to fall into any of the above groups include the following:

Aminochromes such as adrenochrome and adrenolutin (disputed/controversial) Carbogen, a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas Glaucine, an aporphine alkaloid known to act on serotonin 5-HT2 receptors among other actions Hallucinogenic bolete mushrooms such as Lanmaoa asiatica (unknown mechanism of action) Hallucinogenic fish, which are reported to cause ichthyoallyeinotoxism Icelandic hallucinogenic lichen ("rock soup") Kambo (sapo), the skin secretions of Phyllomedusa bicolor (giant leaf frog) Kykeon, an ancient drink of the Eleusinian Mysteries of unknown identity with possible hallucinogenic effects (disputed/controversial) Mad honey (Rhododendron; grayanotoxins), a honey with hallucinogenic effects and substantial toxicity Nutmeg, which contains the active constituents myristicin and elemicin (unknown mechanism of action) Sinicuichi (Heimia salicifolia), with possible active constituent of cryogenine (unknown mechanism of action) Soma (haoma), an ancient drink made from a plant of unknown identity with possible hallucinogenic effects Hallucinogen combinations (e.g., ayahuasca, teotlaqualli) Others (e.g., less-well-characterized plant hallucinogens, insect hallucinogens)

See also List of drugs List of designer drugs List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens List of psychoactive drugs List of substances used in rituals

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of hallucinogens

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of hallucinogens claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of hallucinogens before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of hallucinogens ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of hallucinogens

In research: List of hallucinogens appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of hallucinogens in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of hallucinogens is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Drug-related lists, Hallucinogens, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of hallucinogens outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of hallucinogens in simple terms?

This is a list of hallucinogens, or psychoactive drugs that produce majorly altered states of consciousness. Psychedelics Psychedelics, also known as serotonergic psychedelics or classical hallucinogens, are serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and include the following: Tryptamines such as psilocybi…

Why does List of hallucinogens matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of hallucinogens?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of hallucinogens.