science

List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station

List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station rather than just read about it. In short: This is a chronological list of spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS), including long-term ISS crew, short term visitors, replacement/rescue missions and mixed human/cargo missions. Uncrewed visiting spacecraft are excluded (see Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station for details).

Key takeaways

List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a chronological list of spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS), including long-term ISS crew, short term visitors, replacement/rescue missions and mixed human/cargo missions. Uncrewed visiting spacecraft are excluded (see Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station for details). ISS crew members are listed in bold. "Time docked" refers to the spacecraft and does not always correspond to the crew. As of 31 July 2025, 290 people from 26 countries had visited the space station, many of them multiple times. The United States sent 170 people, Russia sent 64, 11 were Japanese, nine were Canadian, six were Italian, four were French, four were German, two from the United Arab Emirates, Hungary and Saudi Arabia and one each from Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Israel, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, India, Turkey, Belarus, South Africa, Poland, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. U.S. Space Shuttle missions were capable of carrying more humans and cargo than the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, resulting in more U.S. short-term human visits until the Space Shuttle program was discontinued in 2011. Between 2011 and 2020, Soyuz was the sole means of human transport to the ISS, delivering mostly long-term crew. Russian cargo deliveries have been exclusively carried out by the uncrewed missions of Progress spacecraft, requiring fewer human spaceflights. U.S. return to flight to the ISS began in March 2019 after SpaceX's Crew Dragon completed it's unmanned Demo-1 mission before completing its manned Demo-2 in May 2020. Continued international collaboration on ISS missions has been thrown into doubt by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and related sanctions on Russia, but is still continuing as of 2026. The ISS is set to be decommissioned and deorbited in 2030, however, in 2025 Russia announced its intention to "recycle" the Russian Orbital Segment as the basis for their new Russian Orbital Station. The first segment of the private U.S. Axiom Station, the Payload Power Thermal Module, is also set to attach to the ISS before the second muoule, Habitat One, is launched.

Completed

Current

Future

Replacement/Rescue

Failed

Notes

See also Assembly of the International Space Station International Space Station List of commanders of the ISS List of human spaceflights to Mir List of International Space Station crew List of International Space Station spacewalks List of International Space Station visitors List of Progress flights Mir Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station

References

External links NASA ISS Consolidated Launch Manifest ESA ISS Consolidated Launch Manifest Astronauts in Space right now

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station

In research: List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Human spaceflights to the International Space Station, International Space Station, Lists of human spaceflights, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

Ask Teacher Smith questions about this articleOpens your AI tutor with a question about “List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station” →

Affiliate

Preply — study more efficiently by working with a personal tutor. 50% off.

How to study List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station in simple terms?

Why does List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station.