This is a list of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid could theoretically have any two power sources, but hybrid vehicles have typically combined an internal combustion engine with a battery and electric motor(s). This list includes both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, in chronological order of first production. Since Porsche made the first hybrid car in 1899 there have been a number of hybrid vehicles; but there was a marked increase in interest in, and development of, hybrid vehicles for personal transport in the late 1990s.
Automobiles
Overview by decade
Early designs: 1899–1917 1899: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine. It used the internal combustion engine to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents. 1900: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline–electric hybrid vehicles. 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner–Porsche, a series of gasoline–electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain. These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time. 1905 or sooner: Fischer Motor Vehicle Co., Hoboken, NJ produces and sells a petrol–electric omnibus in the United States and in London, including battery storage. 1907: AL (French car) 1917: Woods Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.
Concepts 1989: Audi Duo, first Audi hybrid based on the Audi C3 100 Avant 1991: Audi Duo II 2008: Chrysler Town and Country Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars 2008: Jeep Wrangler Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars 2009: Jeep Patriot Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars 2009: Chrysler 200C Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars 2010: Ram 1500 Plug-in hybrid
Buses
Date unknown
Castrosua Tempus (in use in Barcelona, Granada, Lugo, Madrid, Santiago de Compostela, Sevilla) Irisbus Hynobis (Castellón) MAN Lion's City Hybrid: Italy: Trento Portugal: Lisboa and Oporto. Spain:Barcelona, Cádiz, Madrid, Málaga, Murcia, San Sebastián, Sevilla and Valladolid Mercedes Benz/Orion VII Hybrid North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid Scania OmniLink, ethanol–electric hybrid buses, (Stockholm) Solaris: Germany: Dresden, Glonn, Hannover, Leipzig and Munich) Poland: Sosnowiec and Poznań Spain: Madrid Switzerland: Lenzburg Tecnobus Gulliver (hybrid electric and all-electric versions), sold by Hispano Carrocera Volvo 7700 Chery A3 Chang’an (Chana) Zhi-xiang Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K
See also
List of battery electric vehicles List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles SmILE Comparison of Toyota hybrids
References
External links Best Hybrid Cars (USA) Fuel Economy.gov 2007 Hybrid Cars
2021 Hybrid Auto Service