biology

List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs

List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) but are not yet approved. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.

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Reference excerpt

This is a list of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) but are not yet approved. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses. The format of list items is "Name (Synonyms) – Mechanism of Action [Reference]". This list was last comprehensively updated in September 2025. It is likely to become outdated with time.

Under development

Phase 3 Gepirone (Ariza; BMY-13805; Exxua; Gepirone ER; MJ-13805; Org-33062; TGFK-07AD; TGFK07AD; Travivo; Variza) – serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist [1] Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; lysergide; MM-120; MM120) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen [2] [3] Toludesvenlafaxine extended release (4-methylbenzoate desvenlafaxine; ansofaxine; desvenlafaxine prodrug; LPM-570065; LY-03005; Ruoxinlin) – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) [4] Vilazodone (EMD-68843; SB-659746A; Viibryd) – serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist [5]

Phase 2/3 Ulotaront (SEP-363856; SEP-856) – trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist [6]

Phase 2 Desmethylcariprazine prodrug (ABBV-932; RGH-932) – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor partial agonist and other actions [7] ENX-102 (ENX102) — α2, α3, and α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine FKW-00GA (FKW00GA; TGW-00AA; TGW00AA) – serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist [8] Lumateperone deuterated (ITI-1284) – atypical antipsychotic (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator [9] ONO-1110 – endocannabinoid synthesis regulator and indirect cannabinoid receptor modulator [10] [11] [12] TGFK-08AA (TGFK08AA) – serotonin 5-HT1A receptor modulator [13] Vortioxetine (Brintellix; Lu-AA21004; Trintellix; Vortidif) – serotonin reuptake inhibitor, serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor agonist, and serotonin 5-HT1D, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptor antagonist [14]

Phase 1/2 Non-racemic MDMA (AM-1002; 90% (R)-MDMA, 10% (S)-MDMA) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen PT-00114 (PT100114; TCAP-1) – corticotropin-releasing hormone inhibitor [15]

Phase 1 NTX-1955 (RO-7308480) – γ1 subunit-containing GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator SPT-320 (LYT-320) – agomelatine prodrug (melatonin receptor agonist and weak serotonin 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist)

Preclinical Duloxetine oral liquid – serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) [16] Generalised anxiety disorder therapeutic - SIMR Biotech – undefined mechanism of action [17] OV-4041 – potassium–chloride cotransporter agonist [18] XYL-3001 (PSYLO-3001) – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogen [19]

Phase unknown Oxybutynin controlled release – non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist [20]

Not under development

Preregistration submission withdrawal Quetiapine (FK-949; FK949; ICI-204636; Seroquel; Seroquel XL; Seroquel XR) – atypical antipsychotic (non-selective monoamine receptor modulator) [21]

Suspended Agomelatine (AGO-178; AGO178; Alodil; Melitor; S-20098; Thymanax; Valdoxan; Vestin) – melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist and weak serotonin 5-HT2C receptor antagonist [22]

No development reported Guanfacine extended release (Connexyn; Intuniv; Intuniv XR; S-877503; SHP-503; SPD-503) – α2-adrenergic receptor agonist [23] Riluzole sublingual (BHV-0223; Nurtec) – various actions [24] Sertraline (Aremis; Besitran; CP-51974; Gladem; Lustral; Serad; Serlain; Tatig; Zoloft) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) [25]

Discontinued Amibegron (SR-58611; SR-58611A) – β3-adrenergic receptor agonist [26] BTG-1640 (ABIO-08/01; ABIO-0801) – undefined mechanism of action [27] Darigabat (CVL-865; PF-06372865; PF-6372865) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator [28] Imagabalin (PD-0332334; PD-332334; PF-00195889) – α2δ subunit-containing voltage-gated calcium channel ligand [29] Naluzotan (PRX-00023) – serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist and sigma σ1 receptor agonist [30] Ocinaplon (CL-273547) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/pyrazolopyrimidine [31] Pagoclone (IP-456; Panex; RP-62955) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/cyclopyrrolone [32] PF-572778 – undefined mechanism of action [33] Rufinamide (Banzel; CGP-33101; E-2080; Inovelon; RUF-331; SYN-111) – sodium channel blocker and other actions [34] Talaglumetad (LY-544344) – metabotropic glutamate mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor agonist (eglumetad prodrug) [35] Tedatioxetine (Lu-AA24530) – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and α1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist [36]

Clinically used drugs

Approved drugs

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Escitalopram (Cipralex; Entact; Lexapro; LU-26054; MLD-55; (S)-citalopram; Seroplex; Sipralex; Sipralexa) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) [37] Paroxetine (Aropax; BRL-29060; Deroxat; Divarius; FG-7051; Frosinor; Motivan; NNC-207051; Paxil; Seroxat; SI-211103; Tagonis) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) [38] Paroxetine (Dropax; Dropaxin; Serestill) – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) [39]

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Duloxetine (Ariclaim; Cymbalta; LY-227942; LY-248686; Xeristar; Yentreve) – serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) [40] Venlafaxine (Dobupal; Efexor XR; Effexor; Effexor XR; Elafax; WY-45030; WY-45651; WY-45655) – serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) [41]

Azapirones (serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists) Buspirone (Buspar) – serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and other actions Tandospirone (metanopirone; Sediel; SM-3997) – serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist [42]

GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators Alpidem (Ananxyl; SL800342; SL-800342) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and nonbenzodiazepine/imidazopyridine – discontinued/withdrawn due to toxicity [43] Alprazolam (Xanax) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and benzodiazepine

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Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs

In research: List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of investigational drugs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of investigational generalized anxiety disorder drugs outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

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