This is a list of language interpreters in fiction. Conference interpretation is often depicted in works of fiction, be it in films or in novels. Sydney Pollack's The Interpreter and Javier Marías' A Heart So White (1992) are amongst the best known examples. Several books, symposia or websites tackle the issue at hand. Below is a list of works of fiction in which interpreters appear.
Interpreters in films
1956 to 1989 1956: The King and I - Directed by Walter Lang. The interpreter refuses to translate what Anna Leonowens tells the kralahome (the king's minister); it then appears that the kralahome understands English. This scene shows that an interpreter has to fear being associated with the speaker. 1961: Judgment at Nuremberg – Directed by Stanley Kramer. Simultaneous interpretation was used for the first time at the Nuremberg trials. 1963: Charade - Directed by Stanley Donen. Audrey Hepburn plays an interpreter. 1964: Fail-Safe – Directed by Sidney Lumet. "There would be phalanxes of interpreters listening in, to insure against even the tiniest mistranslation... Simultaneous translation is a good dramatic device, because it avoids the distraction of subtitles or the absurdity of a Russian leader speaking fluent English". 1965: Gendarme in New York (Le Gendarme à New York) – Directed by Jean Girault. French policemen travel to New York. The welcome speech is interpreted in several languages. Louis de Funès’ headphones don’t seem to work. 1968: Barbarella - Directed by Roger Vadim. Barbarella lands on a foreign planet and asks the locals, "Do you speak English? Parlez-vous français?" She then activates her "tongue-box" which helps her understand what people say. From then on, everybody speaks English. 1970: Patton - Directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. 1971: Bananas – Directed by Woody Allen. 1973: Live and Let Die – Directed by Guy Hamilton. An anonymous hand substitutes a jack plug for another on a telephone-switch type of contraption in the interpreter's booth. Following this a delegate receives a deadly shock to the head. Languages channels are not linked to particular delegations and are not located in the booths either. 1973: Le Magnifique – Directed by Philippe de Broca. A dying Albanian has something to reveal. Five different persons are brought in, each one of them understanding a Slavic language, the last one of them being a French speaker who understands Czech. An illustration of relay interpreting. 1977: Close Encounters of the Third Kind – Directed by Steven Spielberg. In the French version, the interpreter paraphrases what is said as he cannot interpret French into French. 1977 to 2008: Star Wars – Directed by George Lucas. The robot C-3PO speaks 6 million galactic languages fluently. "Don’t blame me! I’m an interpreter! I’m not supposed to know the difference between a power socket and a computer terminal. I'm not much more than an interpreter, and not very good at telling stories." EV-9D9: "How many languages do you speak?" C-3PO: "I am fluent in over six million forms of communication and can readily—" EV-9D9: "Splendid. We have been without an interpreter since our master got angry with our last protocol droid and disintegrated him." 1981: Teheran 43 - Directed by Alexander Alov and Vladimir Naumov. One of the main characters is accompanied by an interpreter called Marie Louni. 1986: Children of a Lesser God - Directed by Randa Haines. Includes a sign language interpreter.
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