Phoenixes have proved an enduring allegorical symbol, symbolizing rebirth, renewal or uniqueness and often appearing in modern popular culture.
In literature Classical references to the phoenix include the Greek historian Herodotus, the Latin poet Ovid, the Latin historian Tacitus, and one of the early Christian Apostolic Fathers, the First Epistle of Clement. William Shakespeare frequently mentions the bird in his plays, and also wrote the poem The Phoenix and the Turtle. In certain works of Renaissance literature, the phoenix is said to have been eaten as the rarest of dishes, as only one was alive at any one time. Ben Jonson, in Volpone (1605), III, vii. 204-5 wrote: 'could we get the phœnix, though nature lost her kind, shee were our dish.' Another mention of the phoenix as a culinary delicacy occurs in John Webster's The White Devil (1612). Edith Nesbit's children's novel The Phoenix and the Carpet is based on the phoenix and its friendship with a family of children. The Vermilion Bird is one of the Four Symbols of the Chinese constellations. D. H. Lawrence frequently used the phoenix as a symbol for rebirth in life. The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence carries the motif on its covers. In Robert E. Howard's tale of King Conan of Aquilonia, "The Phoenix on the Sword", the supernatural scribe Epimetreus inscribes a mystical Phoenix symbol on the blade of Conan's broadsword, to aid against a supernatural enemy. Edward Ormondroyd's children's novel David and the Phoenix features the phoenix as a main character. In C. S. Lewis's book The Magician's Nephew, a marvellous bird guards an Eden-like garden. It appears later, and is identified as a phoenix, in The Last Battle. The phoenix was also famed for being a symbol of the rise and fall of society, Montag and Faber in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451. The pattern of a complacent and abusive society's destruction yielding a fresh new start was compared to the Phoenix's mythological pattern of resurrection. Sylvia Plath alludes to the phoenix in the end of her poem "Lady Lazarus". J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels feature a phoenix named Fawkes. In the setting of Harry Potter, phoenixes can carry enormous weights, and their song is said to strike fear into the hearts of the impure and courage into those who are pure of heart. The tears of the phoenix can heal severe poisoning, and other illnesses and injuries. The wands of both Harry and Voldemort contain feathers from Fawkes. In addition, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix features the titular Order of the Phoenix, founded by Albus Dumbledore to oppose Voldemort and the Death Eaters. In Neil Gaiman's short story "Sunbird", a party of Epicureans answer the question of what happens when a Phoenix is roasted and eaten; the eater bursts into flames, and 'the years burn off [them]'. This can kill those who are inexperienced, but those who have swallowed fire and practised with glow-worms can achieve eternal youth. In Terry Pratchett's novel Carpe Jugulum, the search for the phoenix forms an important side plot. In Phoenix Rising by Karen Hesse, Trent mentions the Phoenix several times while he is lying in bed, and the main character questions Trent multiple times about the Phoenix and its background. In Steven Brust's books set in the world of Dragaera, the House of the Phoenix is linked biologically to the phoenix and metaphorically to the theme of rebirth. Phoenix and The Phoenix Guards are the titles of two of Brust's books, in the Vlad Taltos series and the Khaavren Romances, respectively. Catherine Asaro's near future thriller The Phoenix Code features an AI version of the phoenix mythology. Sylvia Townsend Warner's short story "The Phoenix" centers around a phoenix that a nobleman obtained for his aviary, and the commercialization thereof after his death. In the SCP Foundation collaborative writing project, SCP-5467 is described as a species of bird which is capable of breathing fire in order to kill and cook its prey. When members of this species die, they combust into a brilliant blue flame, leaving behind ashes, which were historically used as a mind-altering drug.
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