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List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s

List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s rather than just read about it. In short: The following is a list of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s. It is one of several lists of U.S. pipeline accidents.

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Reference excerpt

The following is a list of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s. It is one of several lists of U.S. pipeline accidents. See also: list of natural gas and oil production accidents in the United States.

Incidents This is not a complete list of all pipeline accidents. For natural gas alone, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), a United States Department of Transportation agency, has collected data on more than 3,200 accidents deemed serious or significant since 1987. A "significant incident" results in any of the following consequences:

Fatality or injury requiring in-patient hospitalization. $50,000 or more in total costs, measured in 1984 dollars. Liquid releases of five or more barrels (42 US gal/barrel). Releases resulting in an unintentional fire or explosion. PHMSA and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) post-incident data and results of investigations into accidents involving pipelines that carry a variety of products, including natural gas, oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, carbon dioxide, and other substances. Occasionally pipelines are re-purposed to carry different products.

1970 January 11 – A home exploded in Bowling Green, Kentucky, killing a man. Contractor damage to a gas line was suspected. January 17 – Workers from Buckeye Partners ignited a fire to burn off petroleum from a leaking pipeline near Warren, Ohio. The fire grew out of control for several hours, requiring 100 fire-fighters to help contain the blaze. One pipeline employee was injured. January 24 – A leaking 2-inch natural gas main exploded in Houma, Louisiana, killing two gas company workers, one firefighter, injuring 28 others, and demolishing half a block of downtown buildings. The workers were attempting to repair the gas line. February 5 – A jet fuel pipeline leaked, and contaminated 50 to 60 acres of farm and pasture land near Lakeland, Florida. Some wildlife was killed, and a small fire broke out in the fuel. April 19 – An 8-inch pipeline broke near Wauseon, Ohio, spilling Number 2 fuel oil into the Maumee River, and endangering the water supply for several cities for a time. July 15 – A 30-inch welded gas pipeline rolled into the trench and killed 20-year-old Art Greminger who had only been working since July 12. He was employed by a contractor out of Cape Girardeau, Missouri, laying the pipeline for Mississippi River Fuel Transmission Co., in more recent years called Center Point Energy. September 2 – Early in the day, residents of Jacksonville, Maryland, detected gasoline odors and noticed gasoline in a small creek flowing beneath a nearby road. Because fumes were still present in the late afternoon of September 2, a resident notified Colonial Pipeline at 6:19 p.m. about the situation. About 12 hours later, on the morning of September 3, an explosion and fire occurred in a ditch in which contractor personnel for Colonial were manually digging to further expose the pipeline and catch gasoline trickling from the ground. Five persons were injured, none fatally. The NTSB later pointed out that workers had failed to use a flammable vapor percent detector during the work. The leak point was found four days later. The failure resulted in a release of 30,186 gallons (718 barrels) of gasoline and kerosene. September 7 – A pipeline leaked thousands of gallons of gasoline onto farmland near Ontario, Oregon. Roads were closed in the area until the gasoline was removed. December 9 – A Phillips Petroleum Company propane pipeline leaked, in Franklin County, Missouri, causing the 1970 propane vapor cloud explosion in Port Hudson. The leak led to a propane cloud explosion, with a force estimated up to 50 tons of TNT. The NTSB cited past external and internal corrosion issues, and poor welds on the uncoated pipeline as concerns. December – The explosion of a 30-inch 1100 psi inlet natural gas pipeline, bringing offshore natural gas into a gas-drying plant in southern Louisiana. Two plant personnel were killed. Rupture was at a junction of a 12-inch gas line to the 30-inch main line. December 11 – A restaurant owner opened a gas line valve in New York, New York, not knowing that part of the gas line was open and unconnected. The gas in the building exploded, killing fifteen people, and injuring more than 60 others. December 17 – A Mid-Valley pipeline leaked, spilling 250,000 gallons of crude oil onto that companies' land in Dayton, Ohio. There were no injuries or fire. December 28 – A 12-inch pipeline ruptured in Jackson, Wisconsin, spilling 200 barrels (32 m3) of fuel oil into a wildlife sanctuary.

1971 A faulty valve on a 3-inch natural gas pipeline was suspected of causing a gas leak that resulted in three separate explosions, including a house explosion in Lambertville, New Jersey that killed seven people. January 27 - an explosion and fire from a gas main failure in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania killed 4 people, and destroyed 15 homes. April 17 – A road grader hit a gas transmission pipeline in Mississippi, resulting in fatal burns to the grader operator. Later, it was found the pipeline only had 5 to 6 inches of soil cover in the area. June 5 – An ammonia pipeline failed near Floral, Arkansas, releasing 80 tons of ammonia. A 6-year-old boy had to be hospitalized, cattle were killed or blinded, and 10,000 acres of trees had leaf scorching from the ammonia. Delays were made in notifying Arkansas State Department of Pollution Control and Ecology. July 8 – A six-inch crude oil gathering pipeline ruptured near Flat Rock, Illinois. Crude oil spilled in the Embarras River, extending 10 miles along it. There were no injuries. July 30 – A Sunoco gasoline pipeline leaked 11,000 gallons of gasoline near Ambler, Pennsylvania. Gasoline fumes built up in the basements of nearby homes, but there were no injuries reported. August 20 – Around that day, a Mobil six inch crude oil pipeline leaked near Stafford, New York. About 16,800 gallons of crude oil was slowly released, evading leak detection. Some water wells in the area were at risk. October 4 – Two gas explosions occurred in North Richland Hills, Texas. Gas migrated into two homes from leaking gas pipes. November 17 – A gas company repair crew was overcome in a service vault in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Two workmen were overcome initially, and four others attempting to rescue them were also overcome by gas asphyxiation. All six died.

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s

In research: List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1970s-related lists, 1970s in the United States, 1970s in the environment, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s in simple terms?

The following is a list of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s. It is one of several lists of U.S. pipeline accidents.

Why does List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 1970s.