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List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars

List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars rather than just read about it. In short: Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following. The list consists primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages.

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Reference excerpt

Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following. The list consists primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages. Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing:

Al - the Ibn, bin, banu - son of abu, abi - father of, the one with

A Ali (601, Mecca – 661, Kufa ), Arabic grammarian, rhetoric, theologian, exegesist. Abbas Ibn Firnas, astronomer, mathematician, physicist, inventor Aisha al-Bauniyya (1402–1475), an Arab woman Sufi master and poet Avempace (1085, Zaragoza – 1138, Fez), philosopher, astronomer, physician Ammar al-Mawsili (10th century, b. Mosul), ophthalmologist and physician Ali al-Uraidhi (7th century, b. Medina), Muslim scholar Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal (fl. 1010), physician and ophthalmologist Ali al-Hadi (829, Medina – 868, Samarra), Islamic scholar Ali ibn al-Madini (778, Basra – 849, Samarra), Islamic scholar and traditionalist Ali ibn Ridwan (988, Giza – 1061, Baghdad), astronomer and geometer with Khalid Ben Abdulmelik Ali al-Ridha (765, Medina – 818, Tus), Islamic scholar and theologian Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780, Baghdad – 855, Baghdad), theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist Ahmad al-Muhajir (873, Basra – 956, Al-Husaisa), scholar and teacher Ahmad ibn Yusuf (835, Baghdad – 912, Cairo), mathematician Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri (767, Medina – 856), Maliki jurist Apollodorus of Damascus (50, Damascus – 130), architect, engineer, and designer Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Alami (1140, Jabal Alam – 1227, Jabal Alam), religious scholar of Sufism Abdullah ibn Umar (610, Mecca – 693, Mecca), Islamic scholar and hadith narrator Abd Allah al-Qaysi (d. 885, b. Spain), Muslim jurist and theologian Abd-Allah ibn Ibadh (d. 708, b. Basra), hadith narrator and theologian Abd al-Hamid al-Katib (d. 756), founder of Arabic prose Ibn Abbas (619, Mecca – 687, Ta'if), jurist and theologian Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad (1634, Tarim – 1720, Tarim), Sufi saint and jurist Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi (1146, Jamma'in – 1203), Islamic scholar and a prominent hadith master Abd al-Aziz Yemeni Tamimi (816, Yemen – 944, Yemen), Sufi saint and scholar Abu al-Fazal Yemeni Tamimi (842, Hejaz – 1034, Baghdad), Sufi saint and mystic Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali (603–689, Basra), grammarian Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874, Basra – 936, Baghdad), philosopher, Shafi'i scholar and theologian Abu Jafar al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), an Arab botanist, pharmacologist, physician and scholar Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (1076, Seville – 1148), Islamic scholar and judge of Maliki law Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam (850–930), mathematician Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala' (689, Mecca – 770, Kufa) linguists and grammarian Abu Bakr al-Aydarus (1447, Tarim – 1508, Aden), religious scholar of Sufism Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Zarqali (1029–1100), was an Arab maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer Al-Ashraf Umar II (1242, Yemen – 1296, Yemen), astronomer and ruler of Yemen Al-Akhfash al-Akbar (d. 793, b. Basra), Arab grammarian Al-Awza'i (707, Baalbek – 774, Beirut), jurist and theologian Al-Asma'i (739, Basra – 831, Basra), pioneer of zoology, botany and animal husbandry Ibn Abi Asim (821, Basra – 900, Isfahan), scholar, famous or his work in the hadith science Ibn al-'Awwam (12th century, b. Seville), agriculturist and botanist Ibn al-Adim (1192, Aleppo – 1262, Egypt), biographer and historian Ibn al-A'lam (d. 985, Baghdad), astronomer and astrologer Ibn al-Athir (1160, Cizre – 1233, Mosul), historian and biographer Ibn al-Abbar (1199, Valencia – 1260, Tunis), historian, poet, diplomat, theologian and scholar Ibn al-Akfani (1286, Sinjar – 1348, Cairo), Arab encyclopedist and physician Ibn 'Adlan (1187, Mosul – 1268, Cairo), cryptographer and poet Ibn Arabi (1165, Murcia – 1240, Damascus), Islamic scholar and philosopher Ibn Arabshah (1389, Damascus – 1450, Egypt), writer and traveller

B Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (1547, Baalbek – 1621, Isfahan), philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer Bahlool (d. 807, b. Baghdad), judge and scholar Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad – 1037, Esfarayen), mathematician Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162, Baghdad – 1231, Baghdad), physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveler Al-Baqillani (d. 1013, b. Basra), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer Al-Battani (850, Harran – 929, Samarra), astronomer and mathematician Al-Baladhuri (820, Baghdad – 892, Baghdad), historian Al-Buni (d. 1225), writer and mathematician Al-Bakri (1014, Huelva – 1094, Cordoba), geographer and historian Al-Baji (1156, Beja – 1231, Sidi Bou Said), Sufi mystic and scholar Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi (1256, Marrakesh – 1321), mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and astrologer Ibn al-Baitar (1197, Malaga – 1248, Damascus), pharmacist, botanist, physician Ibn Bassal (b. 1085, Toledo), botanist and agronomist Ibn Bassam (1058, Santarem – 1147), poet and historian Ibn Butlan (1038, Baghdad – 1075), Arab Christian physician

C Cosmas (d. 287, Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint Calid (d. 704, Homs), Umayyad prince and alchemist Callinicus (3rd century), historian, orator, rhetorician and sophist

D Damian (d. 287, Yumurtalik), Arab physician and saint Dawud al-Antaki (b. Idlib – d. 1599, Mecca), physician and pharmacist Dawud Tai (1344–1405), Islamic scholar and Sufi mystic Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi (918, Damascus – 995), Hanbali Islamic scholar Abu Dawood (817, Sistan – 889, Basra), Islamic scholar Al-Damiri (1344, Cairo – 1405, Cairo), zoologist Al-Dakhwar (1170, Damascus – 1230), physician Al-Darimi (797, Samarkand – 869, Muscat), Islamic scholar and muhaddith Al-Dimashqi (1256, Damascus – 1327, Safed), geographer Al-Dimashqi, Abu al-Fadl (12th-century), writer and economist Ibn al-Durayhim (1312–1359/62), cryptologist Ibn Dihya (1150, Valencia – 1235, Cairo), scholar of Arabic language and Islamic studies Ibn Duraid (837, Basra – 934, Baghdad), geographer, genealogist, poet, and philologist Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (1228, Yanbu – 1302), one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of Islamic law and belief, and was an authority in the Shafi'i legal school

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Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars

In research: List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Arab scientists, Lists of Arabs, Lists of scientists by nationality, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

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