mathematics

List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars

List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars is a mathematics topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars rather than just read about it. In short: The following is a list of Iranian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age. A Abdul Qadir Gilani (12th century) theologian and philosopher Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i (10th century) physician Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar Abu Said Gorgani (10th century) 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron Ahmad ibn Farrok…

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

The following is a list of Iranian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.

A Abdul Qadir Gilani (12th century) theologian and philosopher Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i (10th century) physician Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar Abu Hanifa (699–767), Islamic scholar Abu Said Gorgani (10th century) 'Adud al-Dawla (936–983), scientific patron Ahmad ibn Farrokh (12th century), physician Ahmad ibn 'Imad al-Din (11th century), physician and chemist Alavi Shirazi (1670–1747), royal physician in Mughal India Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud (c. 1300–1352), physician Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900–971), mathematician and astronomer Ansari, Khwaja Abdullah (1006–1088), Islamic scholar Aqa-Kermani (18th century), physician Aqsara'i (?–1379), physician Abu Hafsa Yazid, physician Arzani, Muqim (18th century), physician Astarabadi (15th century), physician Aufi, Muhammad (1171–1242), scientist and historian Albubather, physician and astrologer Ibn Abi al-Ashʿath, physician Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, theologian and philosopher Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi, mathematician and astronomer

B Brethren of Purity Bahmanyār, philosopher Al-Baghawi (c. 1041–1122), Islamic scholar Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (1547–1621), poet, philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer Baha Al-Dowleh Razi (died c. 915), physician Al-Baladhuri (?–892), historian Abu Ali Bal'ami (10th century), historian Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (787–886), known in Latin as Albumasar, astrologer Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (850–934), geographer and mathematician Banū Mūsā brothers (9th century) Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, historian Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi, historian and Islamic scholar Al-Bayhaqi, faqih and muhadith Muhammad Baqir Behbahani (1706–1791), theologian Bubares (died after 480 BC), engineer Ibn Bibi (13th century), historian of the Seljuks of Rum Biruni (973–1048), astronomer and mathematician Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870), Islamic scholar Sahl ibn Bishr (c. 786–845 ?), astrologer, mathematician Bukhtishu (8th century?), Persian Christian physician of Academy of Gundishapur Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn (c. 940–1058), Christian physician in Persia Jabril ibn Bukhtishu (9th century), Christian physician Bukhtishu, Yuhanna (9th century), Christian physician Borzuya (6th century), a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur Bibi Monajemeh Nishaburi (13th century), mathematician and astronomer Birjandi (?–1528), astronomer and mathematician Muhammad Bal'ami, historian Abu Bakr Rabee Ibn Ahmad Al-Akhawyni Bokhari, physician Abu'l-Fadl al-Bal'ami

D Abu Hanifa Dinawari (815–896), astronomer, agriculturist, botanist, metallurgist, geographer, mathematician, and historian Ibn Durustawayh (872–958), grammarian, lexicographer and student of the Quran and hadith Ibn Qutaybah Dinwari (828–885), historian and theologian

E Abubakr Esfarayeni (13th century?), physician

F Al-Farghani (d. 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher Fazari, Ibrahim (?–777), mathematician and astronomer Fazari, Mohammad (?–796), mathematician and astronomer Feyz Kashani, Mohsen (?–1680), theologian Firishta (1560–1620), historian Ibn al-Faqih, historian and geographer Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi (d. 1278/1279), astronomer Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani (1455–1521), religious scholar, historian and political writer

G Gardizi (?–1061), geographer and historian Ghazali (Algazel, 1058–1111), philosopher Gilani, Hakim (?–1609), royal physician Kushyar Gilani (971–1029), mathematician, geographer, astronomer Zayn al-Din Gorgani (1041–1136), royal physician Rostam Gorgani (16th century), physician Al-Masihi (?–999), Avicenn'a master

H Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi (18th century), physician Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan (18th century), physician Hakim Nishaburi (933–1012), Islamic scholar Hallaj (858–922), mystic-philosopher Hamadani, Mir Sayyid Ali (1314–1384), poet and philosopher Harawi, Abolfadl (10th century), astronomer of Buyid dynasty Harawi, Muwaffak (10th century), pharmacologist Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (d. 1542), physician Hasani, Qavameddin (17th century), physician Ibn Hindu (1019–1032), man of letters, physician Haji Bektash Veli, mystic Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, jurisconsult, mystic, philosopher, poet and mathematician Haseb Tabari, astronomer Hammam ibn Munabbih, Islamic scholar Hamza al-Isfahani (ca. 893–after 961), philologist and historian Abu Ja'far ibn Habash

I Ibn Abi Sadiq (11th century), "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple Ibn Isfandiyar (13th-century), historian Ibn Khordadbeh (c. 820–912), geographer Ibn Rustah (9th century), explorer and geographer Ilaqi, Yusef (11th century), Avicenna's pupil Mansur ibn Ilyas (14th century), physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 980–1037), philosopher and physician Isfahani, Imad al-Din (1125–1201) historian and rhetorician Isfahani, Jalaleddin (19th century), physician Isfahani, Husayn (15th century), physician Istakhri (?–957), geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills Iranshahri (9th century), philosopher, teacher of Abu Bakr al-Razi Al-Isfizari (11th–12th century), mathematician and astronomer

J Jabir ibn Hayyan (9th century), alchemist, pharmacist, philosopher, physicist, astronomer Jaghmini (14th century), physician Juwayni (1028–1085), philosopher, theologian Juzjani, Abu Ubaid (?–1070), physician Jamal ad-Din Bukhari (13th century), astronomer Jamasp, sage and philosopher Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (800–860), geometer

K Karaji (953–1029), mathematician Jamshid-i Kashani (c. 1380–1429), astronomer and mathematician Kashfi, Jafar (1775/6–1850/1), theologian Sadid al-Din al-Kazaruni (14th century), physician Kermani, Iwad (15th century), physician Kermani, Shams-ud-Din, Islamic scholar Al-Khazini (c. 1130), physicist Khayyam, Omar (1048–1131), poet, mathematician, and astronomer Khorasani, Sultan Ali (16th century), physician Al-Kharaqī, astronomer and mathematician Khujandi (c. 940–c. 1000), mathematician and astronomer Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (a.k.a. Al-Khwarazmi, c. 780–c. 850), creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī, logician and philosopher Shams al-Din al-Khafri, astrologer Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, mathematician and astronomer Kubra, Najmeddin (1145–1220) Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani (d. after 1481), mathematician, astronomer Abu Zayn Kahhal, physician

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In mathematics, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars

In research: List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars appears in mathematics research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of Asian scientists, Lists of Iranian people by occupation, Lists of mathematicians by nationality, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars in simple terms?

The following is a list of Iranian scientists, engineers, and scholars who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age. A Abdul Qadir Gilani (12th century) theologian and philosopher Abu al-Qasim Muqane'i (10th century) physician Abu Dawood (c. 817–889), Islamic scholar Abu Hanifa…

Why does List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars matter?

Because it connects several mathematics ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

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