Psychoactive plants are plant species that, when consumed by humans, are known or suspected to produce changes in nervous system function that alter perception, mood, consciousness, cognition or behavior. Many of these plants are used intentionally as psychoactive drugs, for medicinal, religious, and/or recreational purposes. Some have been used ritually as entheogens for millennia. These plants are listed according to the specific psychoactive chemical substances they contain; many contain multiple known psychoactive compounds.
Cannabinoids
Species of the genus Cannabis, known colloquially as marijuana, including Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, are psychoactive plants that are often used both medically and recreationally. The principal psychoactive substance in Cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC contains no nitrogen, unlike many other psychoactive substances and is not an indole, tryptamine or phenethylamine. THC is just one of more than 100 identified cannabinoid compounds in Cannabis, which also include cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis strains vary widely with some producing dynamic balances of cannabinoids (THC, CBD, etc.) and yielding markedly different effects. Popular strains are often hybrids of C. sativa and C. indica. The medicinal effects of cannabis are widely studied, and are active topics of research both at universities and private research firms. Many jurisdictions have laws regulating or prohibiting the cultivation, sale and/or use of medical and recreational cannabis.
Tryptamines
Many of the psychedelic plants contain dimethyltryptamine (DMT), or other tryptamines, which are either snorted (Virola, Yopo snuffs), vaporized, or drunk with MAOIs (Ayahuasca). It cannot simply be eaten as it is not orally active without an MAOI, and must be extremely concentrated in order to be vaporized.
Aceraceae Acer saccharinum (silver maple) was found to contain the indole alkaloid gramine (not active and extremely toxic) 0.05% in the leaves, so it is possible that other members of this plant family contain active compounds.
Aizoaceae Delosperma cooperi, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma ecklonis, DMT Delosperma esterhuyseniae, DMT Delosperma hallii, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma harazianum, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma harazianum Shibam, DMT Delosperma hirtum, DMT Delosperma hallii aff. litorale Delosperma lydenbergense, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma nubigenum, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma pageanum, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT Delosperma pergamentaceum, Traces of DMT Delosperma tradescantioides, DMT
Apocynaceae Prestonia amazonica: DMT Voacanga africana: Up to 10% Iboga alkaloids
Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum pungens: DMT
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
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