biology

List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals

List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals is a biology topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals. Plants Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples: Cannabis: cannabinoids Tobacco: nicotine, anabasine, and other Nicotinic agonists, as well as beta-carboline alkaloids Coca: cocaine, ecgonine and other coca alkaloids Opium poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine, and narceine Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A…

Key takeaways

List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals belongs to biology; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.

Plants Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples: Cannabis: cannabinoids Tobacco: nicotine, anabasine, and other Nicotinic agonists, as well as beta-carboline alkaloids Coca: cocaine, ecgonine and other coca alkaloids Opium poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine, and narceine Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A and other Salvinorins Khat: cathine and cathinone Kava: kavalactones Nutmeg: myristicin Nightshade (Solanaceae) plants containing hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine: Datura Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) Other Solanaceae

Psychoactive cacti, which contain mainly mescaline: Peyote Other Lophophora Peruvian torch cactus San Pedro cactus Trichocereus macrogonus var. macrogonus (syn. Echinopsis peruviana) Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi (syn. Echinopsis pachanoi) Trichocereus bridgesii Other Echinopsis Mild stimulant and vasoconstrictor plants that contain mainly caffeine and theobromine: Coffee Tea (also contains theanine) Guarana Yerba mate Cocoa Kola

Other plants: Mimosa hostilis: DMT Chacruna: DMT, NMT Cebil and Yopo: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin Mucuna pruriens Morning glory species, notably Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: lysergic acid amide Sinicuichi: Vertine, Lyfoline, Lythrine and other sinicuichi alkaloids Monotropa uniflora: Grayanotoxin (also found in Rhododendron pollen and mad honey) Iboga: ibogaine, noribogaine, ibogamine, voacangine, 18-methoxycoronaridine Ephedra: ephedrine Acacia species Damiana Leonotis leonurus: Docosatetraenoylethanolamide and other alkaloids Calea zacatechichi Silene capensis Valerian Areca nut: arecaidine and arecoline Kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine, and other Kratom alkaloids Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine Rauvolfia vomitoria Nymphaea caerulea (Egyptian lotus or blue lotus): apomorphine, nuciferine Yohimbe: yohimbine Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone Glaucium flavum (yellow horned poppy, yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy): glaucine California poppies: Protopine and Californidine

Fungi Psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, baeocystin, and norbaeocystin Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid, muscimol, and muscarine Amanita pantherina Dictyonema huaorani: psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT Collybia maculata: collybolide(unlikely to be psychoactive)

Animals

Colorado River toad (Sonoran Desert toad or Bufo alvarius): 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin Asiatic toad and certain tree frogs (Osteocephalus taurinus, Osteocephalus oophagus, and Osteocephalus langsdorfii): bufotenin Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides, including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II, and dermorphin Hallucinogenic fish Ocean life containing DMT analogs: Smenospongia aurea: 5-Bromo-DMT Smenospongia echina: 5,6-Dibromo-DMT Verongula rigida: 5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al. Eudistoma fragum: 5-Bromo-DMT Paramuricea clavata: DMT, NMT Villogorgia rubra: NMT

See also Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record Hallucinogenic fish List of plants used for smoking List of psychoactive substances and precursor chemicals derived from genetically modified organisms List of psychoactive substances derived from artificial fungi biotransformation List of substances used in rituals Medicinal fungi

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In biology, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals

In research: List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals appears in biology research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Biological sources of psychoactive drugs, Lists of animals, Lists of fungi, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals means in your own words.
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Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals in simple terms?

This is a list of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals. Plants Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples: Cannabis: cannabinoids Tobacco: nicotine, anabasine, and other Nicotinic agonists, as well as beta-carboline alkaloids Coca: cocaine, ecgonine and other coc…

Why does List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals matter?

Because it connects several biology ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.