science

List of red seaweeds of South Africa

List of red seaweeds of South Africa is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of red seaweeds of South Africa rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of red seaweeds (Domain: Eukaryota, Division: Rhodophyta) recorded from the oceans bordering South Africa. This list comprises locally used common names, scientific names with author citation and recorded ranges.

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Reference excerpt

This is a list of red seaweeds (Domain: Eukaryota, Division: Rhodophyta) recorded from the oceans bordering South Africa. This list comprises locally used common names, scientific names with author citation and recorded ranges. Ranges specified may not be the entire known range for the species, but should include the known range within the waters surrounding the Republic of South Africa. List ordering and taxonomy complies where possible with the current usage in Algaebase, and may differ from the cited source, as listed citations are primarily for range or existence of records for the region. Sub-taxa within any given taxon are arranged alphabetically as a general rule. Details of each species may be available through the relevant internal links. Synonyms may be listed where useful. Red algae, or Rhodophyta (, ; from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) 'rose' and φυτόν (phutón) 'plant'), make up one of the oldest and largest phyla of eukaryotic algae, containing over 7,000 recognized species within over 900 genera amidst ongoing taxonomic revisions. The majority of species (6,793) are in the class Florideophyceae, and mostly consist of multicellular marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. Red algae are abundant in marine habitats. Approximately 5% of red algae species occur in freshwater environments, with greater concentrations in warmer areas. This may be due to an evolutionary bottleneck in which the last common ancestor lost about 25% of its core genes and much of its evolutionary plasticity. Red algae form a distinct group characterized by eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles, chloroplasts without external endoplasmic reticulum or unstacked (stroma) thylakoids, and use phycobiliproteins as accessory pigments, which give them their red color. Despite their name, red algae can vary in color from bright green, soft pink, resembling brown algae, to shades of red and purple, and may be almost black at greater depths and are only called red algae due to the phycobiliproteins and the reddish members. Unlike green algae, red algae store sugars as food reserves outside the chloroplasts as floridean starch, a type of starch that consists of highly branched amylopectin without amylose. Most red algae reproduce sexually. The life history of red algae is typically an alternation of generations that may have three generations rather than two. Coralline algae, which secrete calcium carbonate and play a major role in building coral reefs, belong there. Red algae such as Palmaria palmata (dulse) and Porphyra species (laver/nori/gim) are a traditional part of European and Asian cuisines and are used to make products such as agar, carrageenans, and other food additives. (Full article...)

Class: Bangiophyceae

Order: Bangiales

Family Bangiaceae Bangia atropurpurea (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh 1824, syn. Conferva atropurpurea Mertens ex Roth 1806, Oscillatoria atropurpurea (Roth) C.Agardh 1817, Bangia fuscopurpurea var. atropurpurea (Roth) Lyngbye 1819, Bangia atropurpurea (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh 1824, Bangiella atropurpurea (Roth) Gaillon 1833, Bangiadulcis atropurpurea (Roth) W.A.Nelson 2007, (Cosmopolitan) Porphyra capensis Kützing 1843, (Abundant on whole of west coast extending into Namibia and along south coast of Western and Eastern Cape. Endemic) Pyropia gardneri (G.M.Smith & Hollenberg) S.C.Lindstrom in Sutherland et al. 2011, syn. Porphyrella gardneri G.M.Smith & Hollenberg 1943, Porphyra gardneri (G.M.Smith & Hollenberg) M.W.Hawkes 1977, (Cape of Good Hope to Brandfontein) Pyropia saldanhae (Stegenga, J.J.Bolton & R.J.Anderson) J.E.Sutherland in Sutherland et al. 2011, syn. Porphyra saldanhae Stegenga, Bolton & R.J.Anderson 1997, (Hondeklip Bay and Olifantsbos, endemic)

Order: Porphyridiales

Family Phragmonemataceae Neevea cf. repens Batters 1900, (Hout Bay)

Class: Compsopogonophyceae

Order: Erythropeltidales

Family Erythrotrichiaceae Erythrocladia cf. polystromatica P.J.L.Dangeard 1932, (St James, False Bay and Cape Hangklip) Erythrotrichia carnea (Dillwyn) J.Agardh 1883, syn. Erythrocladia carnea, Conferva carnea Dillwyn 1807, Bangia ciliaris subsp. pulchella (Harvey) De Toni 1897, (Probably fairly common, but South African distribution uncertain) Erythrotrichia welwitschii (Ruprecht) Batters 1902, syn. Cruoria welwitschii Ruprecht 1850, (Cape of Good Hope and False Bay extending eastwards at least as far as Port Elizabeth) Membranella africana Stegenga, Bolton & Anderson 1997, (Cape of Good Hope at least as far as Port Alfred) Porphyrostromium boryanum (Montagne) P.C.Silva in Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Porphyra boryana Montagne 1846, Erythrotrichia boryana (Montagne) Berthold 1882, Phyllona boryana (Montagne) Kuntze 1891, Erythrotrichopeltis boryana (Montagne) Kornmann 1984, Porphyrostromium boryanum (Montagne) M.J.Wynne 1986, (Yzerfontein to Oatlands Point, False Bay) Sahlingia subintegra (Rosenvinge, 1909) Kornmann 1989, syn. Erythrocladia subintegra Rosenvinge 1909, Erythrocladia irregularis f. subintegra (Rosenvinge) Garbary, Hansen & Scagel 1981. Erythropeltis subintegra (Rosenvinge) Kornmann & Sahling 1985, Erythrotrichopeltis subintegra (Rosenvinge) Kornmann & Sahling 1985, (Worldwide – probably widely distributed in SA )

Class: Florideophyceae

Order: Acrochaetiales

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of red seaweeds of South Africa

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of red seaweeds of South Africa claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of red seaweeds of South Africa before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of red seaweeds of South Africa ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of red seaweeds of South Africa

In research: List of red seaweeds of South Africa appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of red seaweeds of South Africa in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of red seaweeds of South Africa is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of algae, Marine biota of South Africa, Seaweeds, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of red seaweeds of South Africa outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

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Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

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