science

List of semiconductor scale examples

List of semiconductor scale examples is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of semiconductor scale examples rather than just read about it. In short: Listed are many semiconductor scale examples for various metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, or MOS transistor) semiconductor manufacturing process nodes. Timeline of MOSFET demonstrations PMOS and NMOS CMOS (single-gate) Multi-gate MOSFET (MuGFET) Other types of MOSFET Commercial products using micro-scale MOSFETs Products featuring 20 μm manufacturing process RCA's CD4000 series of integrate…

Key takeaways

List of semiconductor scale examples belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of semiconductor scale examples to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of semiconductor scale examples from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Listed are many semiconductor scale examples for various metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, or MOS transistor) semiconductor manufacturing process nodes.

Timeline of MOSFET demonstrations

PMOS and NMOS

CMOS (single-gate)

Multi-gate MOSFET (MuGFET)

Other types of MOSFET

Commercial products using micro-scale MOSFETs

Products featuring 20 μm manufacturing process RCA's CD4000 series of integrated circuits (ICs) beginning in 1968.

Products featuring 10 μm manufacturing process

Intel 4004, the first single-chip microprocessor CPU, launched in 1971. Intel 8008 CPU launched in 1972.

Products featuring 8 μm manufacturing process Intel 1103, an early dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chip launched in 1970. MOS Technology 6502 1 MHz CPU launched in 1975.

Products featuring 6 μm manufacturing process

Toshiba TLCS-12, a microprocessor developed for the Ford EEC (Electronic Engine Control) system in 1973. Intel 8080 CPU launched in 1974 was manufactured using this process. The Television Interface Adaptor, the custom graphics and audio chip developed for the Atari 2600 in 1977. MOS Technology SID, a programmable sound generator developed for the Commodore 64 in 1982. MOS Technology VIC-II, a video display controller developed for the Commodore 64 in 1982 (5 μm).

Products featuring 3 μm manufacturing process

Intel 8085 CPU launched in 1976. Intel 8086 CPU launched in 1978. Intel 8088 CPU launched in 1979. Motorola 68000 8 MHz CPU launched in 1979 (3.5 μm).

Products featuring 1.5 μm manufacturing process

NEC's 64 kb SRAM memory chip in 1981. Intel 80286 CPU launched in 1982. The Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture (initially sold in 1992) included chips such as Alice that were manufactured using a 1.5 μm CMOS process.

Products featuring 1 μm manufacturing process

NTT's DRAM memory chips, including its 64 kb chip in 1979 and 256 kb chip in 1980. NEC's 1 Mb DRAM memory chip in 1984. Intel 80386 CPU launched in 1985.

Products featuring 800 nm manufacturing process

NTT's 1 Mb DRAM memory chip in 1984. NEC and Toshiba used this process for their 4 Mb DRAM memory chips in 1986. Hitachi, IBM, Matsushita and Mitsubishi Electric used this process for their 4 Mb DRAM memory chips in 1987. Toshiba's 4 Mb EPROM memory chip in 1987. Hitachi, Mitsubishi and Toshiba used this process for their 1 Mb SRAM memory chips in 1987. Intel 486 CPU launched in 1989. microSPARC I launched in 1992. First Intel P5 Pentium CPUs at 60 MHz and 66 MHz launched in 1993.

Products featuring 600 nm manufacturing process

Mitsubishi Electric, Toshiba and NEC introduced 16 Mb DRAM memory chips manufactured with a 600 nm process in 1989. NEC's 16 Mb EPROM memory chip in 1990. Mitsubishi's 16 Mb flash memory chip in 1991. Intel 80486DX4 CPU launched in 1994. IBM/Motorola PowerPC 601, the first PowerPC chip, was produced in 0.6 μm. Intel Pentium CPUs at 75 MHz, 90 MHz and 100 MHz.

Products featuring 350 nm manufacturing process

Sony's 16 Mb SRAM memory chip in 1994. NEC VR4300 (1995), used in the Nintendo 64 game console. Intel Pentium Pro (1995), Pentium (P54CS, 1995), and initial Pentium II CPUs (Klamath, 1997). AMD K5 (1996) and original AMD K6 (Model 6, 1997) CPUs. Parallax Propeller, 8 core microcontroller.

Products featuring 250 nm manufacturing process

Hitachi's 16 Mb SRAM memory chip in 1993. Hitachi and NEC introduced 256 Mb DRAM memory chips manufactured with this process in 1993, followed by Matsushita, Mitsubishi Electric and Oki in 1994. NEC's 1 Gb DRAM memory chip in 1995. Hitachi's 128 Mb NAND flash memory chip in 1996. DEC Alpha 21264A, which was made commercially available in 1999. AMD K6-2 Chomper and Chomper Extended. Chomper was released on May 28, 1998. AMD K6-III "Sharptooth" used 250 nm. Mobile Pentium MMX Tillamook, released in August 1997. Pentium II Deschutes. Dreamcast console's Hitachi SH-4 CPU and PowerVR2 GPU, released in 1998. Pentium III Katmai. Initial PlayStation 2's Emotion Engine CPU.

Processors using 180 nm manufacturing technology

Intel Coppermine E- October 1999 Sony PlayStation 2 console's Emotion Engine and Graphics Synthesizer – March 2000 ATI Radeon R100 and RV100 Radeon 7000 – 2000 AMD Athlon Thunderbird – June 2000 Intel Celeron (Willamette) – May 2002 Motorola PowerPC 7445 and 7455 (Apollo 6) – January 2002

Processors using 130 nm manufacturing technology

Fujitsu SPARC64 V – 2001 Gekko by IBM and Nintendo (GameCube console) – 2001 Motorola PowerPC 7447 and 7457 – 2002 IBM PowerPC G5 970 – October 2002 – June 2003 Intel Pentium III Tualatin and Coppermine – 2001-04 Intel Celeron Tualatin-256 – 2001-10-02 Intel Pentium M Banias – 2003-03-12 Intel Pentium 4 Northwood- 2002-01-07 Intel Celeron Northwood-128 – 2002-09-18 Intel Xeon Prestonia and Gallatin – 2002-02-25 VIA C3 – 2001 AMD Athlon XP Thoroughbred, Thorton, and Barton AMD Athlon MP Thoroughbred – 2002-08-27 AMD Athlon XP-M Thoroughbred, Barton, and Dublin AMD Duron Applebred – 2003-08-21 AMD K7 Sempron Thoroughbred-B, Thorton, and Barton – 2004-07-28 AMD K8 Sempron Paris – 2004-07-28 AMD Athlon 64 Clawhammer and Newcastle – 2003-09-23 AMD Opteron Sledgehammer – 2003-06-30 Elbrus 2000 1891ВМ4Я (1891VM4YA) – 2008-04-27 [1] MCST-R500S 1891BM3 – 2008-07-27 [2] Vortex 86SX – [3]

Commercial products using nano-scale MOSFETs

Chips using 90 nm manufacturing technology

Sony–Toshiba Emotion Engine+Graphics Synthesizer (PlayStation 2) – 2003 IBM PowerPC G5 970FX – 2004 Elpida Memory's 90 nm DDR2 SDRAM process – 2005 IBM PowerPC G5 970MP – 2005 IBM PowerPC G5 970GX – 2005 IBM Waternoose Xbox 360 Processor – 2005 IBM–Sony–Toshiba Cell processor – 2005 Intel Pentium 4 Prescott – 2004-02 Intel Celeron D Prescott-256 – 2004-05 Intel Pentium M Dothan – 2004-05 Intel Celeron M Dothan-1024 – 2004-08 Intel Xeon Nocona, Irwindale, Cranford, Potomac, Paxville – 2004-06 Intel Pentium D Smithfield – 2005-05 AMD Athlon 64 Winchester, Venice, San Diego, Orleans – 2004-10 AMD Athlon 64 X2 Manchester, Toledo, Windsor – 2005-05 AMD Sempron Palermo and Manila – 2004-08 AMD Turion 64 Lancaster and Richmond – 2005-03 AMD Turion 64 X2 Taylor and Trinidad – 2006-05 AMD Opteron Venus, Troy, and Athens – 2005-08 AMD Dual-core Opteron Denmark, Italy, Egypt, Santa Ana, and Santa Rosa VIA C7 – 2005-05 Loongson (Godson) 2Е STLS2E02 – 2007-04 Loongson (Godson) 2F STLS2F02 – 2008-07 MCST-4R – 2010-12 Elbrus-2C+ – 2011-11

Processors using 65 nm manufacturing technology

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of semiconductor scale examples

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of semiconductor scale examples claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of semiconductor scale examples before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of semiconductor scale examples ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of semiconductor scale examples

In research: List of semiconductor scale examples appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of semiconductor scale examples in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of semiconductor scale examples is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors lithography nodes, MOSFETs, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of semiconductor scale examples outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of semiconductor scale examples in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of semiconductor scale examples means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of semiconductor scale examples out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of semiconductor scale examples in simple terms?

Listed are many semiconductor scale examples for various metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, or MOS transistor) semiconductor manufacturing process nodes. Timeline of MOSFET demonstrations PMOS and NMOS CMOS (single-gate) Multi-gate MOSFET (MuGFET) Other types of MOSFET Comme…

Why does List of semiconductor scale examples matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of semiconductor scale examples?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of semiconductor scale examples.