A plastome is the genome of a plastid, a type of organelle found in plants and in a variety of protists. The number of known plastid genome sequences grew rapidly in the first decade of the twenty-first century. For example, 25 chloroplast genomes were sequenced for one molecular phylogenetic study. The flowering plants are especially well represented in complete chloroplast genomes. As of January, 2017, all of their orders are represented except Commelinales, Picramniales, Huerteales, Escalloniales, Bruniales, and Paracryphiales. A compilation of most complete plastid genomes is maintained by the NCBI in a public repository.
Plants
Bryophytes s.l.
Ferns and lycophytes
Gymnosperms
Flowering plants This sortable table is expected to compile complete plastid genomes representing the largest range of sizes, number of genes, and angiosperm families.
Green algae
Red algae
Glaucophytes
Meta-algae and apicomplexans Meta-algae are organisms with photosynthetic organelles of secondary or tertiary endosymbiotic origin, and their close non-photosynthetic, plastid-bearing, relatives. Apicomplexans are a secondarily non-photosynthetic group of chromalveoates which retain a reduced plastid organelle.
Photosynthetic chromalveolates Dinoflagellate plastid genomes are not organised into a single circular DNA molecule like other plastid genomes, but into an array of mini-circles.
Chlorarachniophytes
Euglenophytes
Apicomplexans
Nucleomorph genomes In some photosynthetic organisms, that ability was acquired via symbiosis with a unicellular green alga (chlorophyte) or red alga (rhodophyte). In some such cases, not only does the chloroplast of the former unicellular alga retain its own genome, but a remnant of the alga is also retained. When this retains a nucleus and a nuclear genome, it is termed a nucleomorph.
Cyanelle genomes The unicellular eukaryote Paulinella chromatophora possesses an organelle (the cyanelle) which represents an independent case of the acquisition of photosynthesis by cyanobacterial endosymbiosis. (Note: the term "cyanelle" is also applied to the plastids of glaucophytes.)
See also Genome skimming Lists of sequenced genomes List of sequenced bacterial genomes List of sequenced archaeal genomes List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes List of sequenced mitochondrial genomes List of sequenced animal genomes List of sequenced animal mitochondrial genomes List of sequenced fungi genomes List of sequenced fungi mitochondrial genomes List of sequenced plant genomes List of sequenced plant mitochondrial genomes List of sequenced protist genomes
References
External links HAMAP proteomes: Plastids Complete Plastid Genomes Chloroplast Genome Database NCBI Eukaryotic Plastid Genomes chloroplast genome list Archived 2012-04-20 at the Wayback Machine In: Montreal genomics Archived 2012-04-20 at the Wayback Machine Psilotum nudum