chemistry

List of spalacids

List of spalacids is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of spalacids rather than just read about it. In short: Spalacidae is a family of mammals in the order Rodentia and part of the Myomorpha suborder. Members of this family are called spalacids, and include blind mole-rats, bamboo rats, mole-rats, and zokors.

Key takeaways

List of spalacids belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of spalacids to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of spalacids from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Spalacidae is a family of mammals in the order Rodentia and part of the Myomorpha suborder. Members of this family are called spalacids, and include blind mole-rats, bamboo rats, mole-rats, and zokors. They are found in Asia, eastern Africa, and eastern Europe, primarily in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in deserts or savannas. They range in size from the Middle East blind mole-rat, at 13 cm (5 in) with no tail, to the large bamboo rat, at 48 cm (19 in) plus a 20 cm (8 in) tail. Spalacids are primarily herbivores, and eat roots, bulbs, tubers, grass, and seeds, with some species also eating insects. Few spalacids have population estimates, but four species—the giant root-rat, Mehely's blind mole-rat, Podolsk blind mole-rat, and sandy blind mole-rat—are categorized as endangered, while the Oltenia blind mole-rat is categorized as critically endangered. The 23 extant species of Spalacidae are divided into 7 genera, grouped into 3 subfamilies. Myospalacinae contains 6 species of zokors in 2 genera, Rhizomyinae contains 6 species of bamboo rats and mole-rats in 3 genera, and Spalacinae contains 11 species of blind mole-rats in 2 genera. Several extinct prehistoric spalacid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries, the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

Conventions

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the spalacid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

Spalacidae is a family consisting of 23 extant species in 7 genera. These genera are divided into four subfamilies: Myospalacinae, containing 6 species of in 2 genera; Rhizomyinae, containing 6 species in 3 genera; and Spalacinae, containing 11 species in 2 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Family Spalacidae

Subfamily Myospalacinae Genus Eospalax (Chinese zokors): three species Genus Myospalax (zokors): three species Subfamily Rhizomyinae Genus Cannomys (lesser bamboo rat): one species Genus Rhizomys (bamboo rats): three species Genus Tachyoryctes (African mole-rats): two species Subfamily Spalacinae Genus Nannospalax (small-bodied mole-rats): three species Genus Spalax (blind mole-rats): eight species

Spalacids The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.

Subfamily Myospalacinae

Subfamily Rhizomyinae

Subfamily Spalacinae

References

Sources

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of spalacids

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of spalacids claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of spalacids before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of spalacids ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of spalacids

In research: List of spalacids appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of spalacids in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of spalacids is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of animal species, Lists of rodents, Spalacidae, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of spalacids outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of spalacids in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of spalacids means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of spalacids out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of spalacids in simple terms?

Why does List of spalacids matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of spalacids?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of spalacids.