computer science

List of transistorized computers

List of transistorized computers is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of transistorized computers rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of transistorized computers, which were digital computers that used discrete transistors as their primary logic elements. Discrete transistors were a feature of logic design for computers from about 1960, when reliable transistors became economically available, until monolithic integrated circuits displaced them in the 1970s.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

This is a list of transistorized computers, which were digital computers that used discrete transistors as their primary logic elements. Discrete transistors were a feature of logic design for computers from about 1960, when reliable transistors became economically available, until monolithic integrated circuits displaced them in the 1970s. The list is organized by operational date or delivery year to customers. Computers announced, but never completed, are not included. Some very early "transistor" computers may still have included vacuum tubes in the power supply or for auxiliary functions.

1950s

1953 University of Manchester Transistor Computer 1953 (prototype) 1955 (full scale) experimental

1954 Bell Labs TRADIC for U.S. Air Force

1955 Harwell CADET demonstrated February 1955, one-off scientific computer

1956 Electrotechnical Laboratory ETL Mark III (Japan) experimental, began development 1954, completed 1956, Japan's first transistorized stored-program computer MIT TX-0 Metrovick 950

1957 Burroughs SM-65 Atlas ICBM Guidance Computer MOD1, AN/GSQ-33 (no relation to Manchester ATLAS) Ramo-Wooldridge (TRW) RW-30 airborne computer Univac TRANSTEC, for US Navy Univac ATHENA, US Air Force missile guidance (ground control) IBM 608 transistor calculator (its development was preceded by the prototyping of an experimental all-transistor version of the 604 demonstrated in October 1954), announced 1955, first shipped December 1957 DRTE Computer, Canadian experimental system delivered 1957, added parallel math unit and other improvements in 1960. ETL Mark IV computer, upgraded to the ETL Mark IV A in 1958, a transistor-based computer built at the Japanese government's ElectroTechnical Laboratory, inspired almost every Japanese computer company.

1958

Electrologica X1 TX-2 UNIVAC Solid State (partially transistorized) Philco Transac S-1000 scientific computer- Navy/NSA SOLO, one-off for NSA Philco Transac S-2000 electronic data processing computer Mailüfterl RCA 501 intended as a commercial system but used in military applications Siemens System 2002 – Prototype in operation since 1956, first machine was put in operation in 1958. Autonetics Recomp II

1959

NCR 304, announced in 1957, first delivery in 1959 Olivetti Elea 9003 Sylvania MOBIDIC IBM 7090 (6/60) IBM 1401 IBM 1620 Model I NEAC 2201 (NEC) EMIDEC 1100 TRW RW-300 PDP-1 Standard Elektrik Lorenz SEL ER 56

1960s

1960 AEI 1010 Bull Gamma 60 Honeywell 200 Honeywell 800 first installation 1960 UNIVAC LARC CDC 160 (7/60) CDC 1604 (1/60) Datasaab D2 DRTE Computer, expanded version Elliott 803 GE 210 AN/FSQ-32 (IBM 4020) AN/FSQ-31V IBM 7070 (6/60) Japan Electrotechnical Laboratory ETL Mark V (5/60) Mitsubishi MELCOM 3409 Clary DE-60 Monroe Calculating Machine Mark XI (or "Monrobot XI") Packard Bell Corporation PB 250 (PB250; no relation to the modern brand of personal computers) used, among others, as the controller for hybrid digital/analog system TRICE and HYCOMP 250, and as the control computer for mobile data systems Philco TRANSAC S-2000 Model 211 RCA 301

1961

Plessey XL4 MANIAC III CAB 500 LEO III English Electric KDP10 Bendix G-20 NEC NEAC 2205 CDC 160A (7/61) CDC 924, CDC 924A (8/61) Fujitsu FACOM 222 GE-200 series GE-225 1961 GE-215 1963 GE-205,235 1964 GE Datanet 30 Honeywell 400 (12/61) IBM 1410 IBM 7030 Stretch IBM 7074 (12/51) Zuse Z23 IBM 7080 (9/61) IBM 1710 Matsushita MADIC IIA RCA 301 (2/61) TRW-130 aka AN/UYK-1 for Transit submarine navigation satellite receivers UNIVAC 490 Regnecentralen GIER

1962

Philco TRANSAC S-2000 Model 212 Atlas Computer (Manchester) ASC-15 Burroughs D825 CDC 1604-A DEC PDP-4 GE 412 (7/62) IBM 1620 Model II ICT 1301 ILLIAC II UNIVAC 1004 UNIVAC 1107 UNIVAC III IBM 7072 (6/62) IBM 7094 (9/62) Autonetics D-17B Royal Radar Establishment Automatic Computer Telefunken TR4 RW-400 aka AN/FSQ-27 by TRW SDS 910 SDS 920 Odra 1002 Ferranti Argus – first delivery in 1962, renamed to Argus 200 in 1963 Librascope L-2010

1963

Librascope LGP-21 IBM 1440 IBM 7010 IBM 7040 and IBM 7044 CDC 3000 series, 5 models (1963-1967) DEC PDP-5 Elliott 503 Ferranti-Packard 6000 Ferranti Argus 100 Honeywell 1400 (12/63) Honeywell 1800 (11/63) Computer Control Company DDP-24 (6/63) RCA 601 UNIVAC 418 UNIVAC 1050 III*UNIVAC 1050 III (9/63) SDS 9300 BESM 3M, 4 circa 1963 Siemens 3003 IBM Saturn Launch Vehicle Computer (hybrid, August 1963)

1964

Burroughs B5500 CDC 1604B DEC PDP-7 DEC PDP-8 IBM 7094 II (4/64) GE 235 (4/64) GE-400 series GE 415 (5/64) GE 425 (6/64) English Electric KDF8 English Electric KDF9 Honeywell 200/200 (7/64) Honeywell 200/2200 (12/65) RCA 3301 (7/64)[1] SDS 925 SDS 930 UNIVAC 1004 II, III (6/64) CDC 160G (4/64) CDC 6600 Titan (1963 computer) (Atlas 2) Bunker-Ramo BR-133 aka AN/UYK-3 UMC-10 PDP-6

1965

ICT 1900 series CDC 1604-C GE 435 (9/65) GE-600 series (some integrated circuits) NCR 315-RMC PDP-8 & 8S (1965 & 1966) IBM System/360 family, 14 models (1965-1971). Used IBM SLT hybrid circuits. IBM 1130 IBM's least-expensive computer at that time, also used hybrid circuits (IBM SLT) IBM M44/44X SDS 940 TRASK, transistor version of BESK Model 109-B Ural computer family, 3 models (1965-1969) Fabri-Tek BI-TRAN SIX Computer Educational System Computer Control DDP-116 & 124 Marconi Myriad I, Ferranti Minicor I hybrid diode–transistor logic UNIVAC 1108 II (9/65)

1966

CDC 6400 (June 1966) DEC PDP-8/S DEC PDP-9 GE 115 (4/66) Honeywell 200/120 (2/66) Honeywell 200/1200 (1/66) Honeywell 200/4200 (12/66) IBM 1800 SDS 940 SDS Sigma 2 UNIVAC 494 UNIVAC 1005 I, II, III (2/66)

1967 CER-22 D4a built in 1963 by Joachim Lehmann at the TU Dresden in about 10 exemplars. After modifications produced from 1967 as Cellatron 8201. Honeywell 200/8200

1968 PDP-10 (first model only – later versions used ICs) SDS 945 BESM-6 (first model only – later versions used ICs) Moscow Power Engineering Institute M-54 Digico Micro 16

1969 CDC 6700 CDC 7600 GE 105 GE-615 UNIVAC 1106 Univac 400 PDP-12

See also Transistor count § Transistor computers List of relay computers – Electromechanical computers List of vacuum-tube computers – First generation programmable computers

Notes

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of transistorized computers

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of transistorized computers claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of transistorized computers before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of transistorized computers ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of transistorized computers

In research: List of transistorized computers appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of transistorized computers in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of transistorized computers is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of computer hardware, Transistorized computers, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of transistorized computers outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of transistorized computers in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is List of transistorized computers in simple terms?

Why does List of transistorized computers matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of transistorized computers?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

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