science

List of underwater explorers

List of underwater explorers is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of underwater explorers rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of notable professional and amateur explorers who have personally explored the underwater environment and contributed towards expanding the knowledge and understanding of that environment. The list may include archaeologists, wreck divers, treasure hunters, biologists, marine geologists, geophysicists, ocean engineers, oceanographers, crew of exploration submersibles, cave divers and surveyors of the…

Key takeaways

List of underwater explorers belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of underwater explorers to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of underwater explorers from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of notable professional and amateur explorers who have personally explored the underwater environment and contributed towards expanding the knowledge and understanding of that environment. The list may include archaeologists, wreck divers, treasure hunters, biologists, marine geologists, geophysicists, ocean engineers, oceanographers, crew of exploration submersibles, cave divers and surveyors of the underwater topography, but these categories are not exclusive.

A David Attenborough (born 8 May 1926)

B Robert Ballard (born 1942), underwater archaeologist, professor at University of Rhode Island Graham Balcombe (8 March 1907 – 19 March 2000), a founder of the Cave Diving Group Michael C. Barnette (born September 1971) Otis Barton (5 June 1899 – 15 April 1992) George F. Bass (1932–2021), pioneer underwater archaeologist, author, founded Institute of Nautical Archaeology in 1973 William Beebe (29 July 1877 – 4 June 1962) Samuel Stillman Berry (1887–1984), U.S. marine zoologist. Henry Bryant Bigelow (1879–1967), U.S. marine biologist. Mensun Bound (born 1953), British maritime archaeologist David Bright (29 June 1957 – 8 July 2006)

James Cameron (born 16 August 1954) Rachel Carson (1907–1964), American Marine Biologist and Author. John Chatterton (born 1954), co-discoverer of the Pirate Ship of Joseph Bannister, Golden Fleece Carl Chun (1852–1914), German marine biologist Arthur C. Clarke (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008), – discovered the underwater ruins of the Koneswaram Temple in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka Barry Clifford (born 30 May 1945), – American underwater archaeological explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910–1997), French marine biologist and explorer Clive Cussler (15 July 1931 – 24 February 2020)

E Sylvia Earle (born 1935), American oceanographer Sheck Exley (1 April 1949 – 6 April 1994), cave diving pioneer

F Michèle Marie Fieux, oceanographer Mel Fisher, archeologist(?)

G Nuno Gomes (born 1951), South African diver, holder of world records for deep diving and deepest cave dive

H Richard Harris, Australian cave diver Jochen Hasenmayer (born 1941), German cave diver Hans Hass (1919–2013), Austrian marine biologist and diving pioneer Graham Hawkes – Submersible designer and pilot Jill Heinerth – Cave diver and underwater explorer Gotthilf Hempel (born 1929), German marine biologist Johan Hjort (1869–1948), Norwegian marine zoologist and one of the founders of ICES Bruno Hofer (1861–1916), German fisheries scientist Emperor Showa of Japan (1901–1989), jellyfish taxonomist

J Jarrod Jablonski (born 1969), pioneering technical diver and record setting cave diver

K Brian Kakuk, cave diver in the Bahamas Uwe Kils (born 1951), German marine biologist John Knauss, oceanographer Artur Kozłowski (17 October 1977 – 5 September 2011), Polish cave diver who died on a dive in Ireland August David Krohn (1803–1891), Russian/German zoologist

L Steve Lewis (born 1950), Canadian cave diver, author, marine archaeologist Jon Lindbergh (1932–2021), Edwin Albert Link (July 26, 1904 – September 7, 1981)

M Robert F. Marx (1936–2019), pioneer underwater archaeologist, prolific author John Mattera (born 1962), discoverer of the pirate ship of Joseph Bannister, and the Golden Fleece, and cave diver who mapped cave systems in the Dominican Republic Agnes Milowka (23 December 1981 – 27 February 2011), Australian cave diver, underwater photographer and author Sir John Murray (1841–1914), Scots–Canadian marine biologist

N Mark M. Newell, founder of Georgia Archaeological Institute Wheeler J. North (1922–2002), American marine biologist and diving pioneer Phil Nuytten – Deep-ocean explorer, and inventor of atmospheric diving suits

P Auguste Piccard (28 January 1884 – 24 March 1962), Swiss physicist, inventor and explorer Jacques Piccard (28 July 1922 – 1 November 2008), Swiss oceanographer and engineer

R Roger Revelle (7 arch 1909 – 15 July 1991) Ed Ricketts (1897–1948), American marine biologist noted for a pioneering study of intertidal ecology Harald Rosenthal (born 1937), German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology William R. Royal (16 March 1905 – 8 May 1997), explorer of Warm Mineral Springs and Little Salt Spring in Florida

David Shaw (1954–2005), Australian cave diver Jack Sheppard (31 March 1909 – 14 July 2001), pioneer of cave diving in the United Kingdom and a founder of the Cave Diving Group Wes Skiles (March 6, 1958 – July 21, 2010), documentary filmmaker Edd Sorenson (born 1959), American cave diver known for rescues and body recoveries E. Lee Spence (born 1947), pioneer underwater archaeologist and treasure hunter Rick Stanton (born 1961) Robert Sténuit (born 1933), underwater archeologist and the world's first aquanaut Bill Stone (born 1952), American caver and explorer, known for exploring deep caves, sometimes with autonomous underwater vehicle Kathryn D. Sullivan (born 1951), Marine geologist

T Peter Throckmorton (1928–1990), pioneer underwater archaeologist, director of the Sea Research Society Gunnar Thorson (1906–1971), Danish marine biologist Ruth Turner (1915–2000), marine biologist

V Victor Vescovo (born 1966) Allyn Vine (1914–1994),

W Don Walsh (born 2 November 1931)

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of underwater explorers

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of underwater explorers claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of underwater explorers before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of underwater explorers ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of underwater explorers

In research: List of underwater explorers appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of underwater explorers in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of underwater explorers is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Lists of explorers, Lists of natural scientists, Underwater diving lists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of underwater explorers outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of underwater explorers in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of underwater explorers means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of underwater explorers out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of underwater explorers in simple terms?

Why does List of underwater explorers matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of underwater explorers?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of underwater explorers.