science

List of visitors to the International Space Station

List of visitors to the International Space Station is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand List of visitors to the International Space Station rather than just read about it. In short: This is a list of all of the visitors to the International Space Station (ISS), including long-term crew, short-term visitors, and space tourists, in alphabetical order. ISS crew names are in bold.

Key takeaways

List of visitors to the International Space Station belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect List of visitors to the International Space Station to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of List of visitors to the International Space Station from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

This is a list of all of the visitors to the International Space Station (ISS), including long-term crew, short-term visitors, and space tourists, in alphabetical order. ISS crew names are in bold. The suffix (twice, three times, ...) refers to the individual's number of spaceflights to the ISS, not the total number of spaceflights. Entries without a flag symbol indicate that the individual was an American citizen at launch. Entries without a female symbol () are men.

Statistics As of April 8, 2024, 250 individuals have made 411 spaceflights to the ISS, including the seven people currently at the ISS (Expedition 74). Two people have made five spaceflights to the ISS, while five people have made four, 36 people made three and 84 people made two. Note that this list assigns individuals with dual citizenship to their country of primary residence at time of launch (for example, the Iranian-American space tourist Anousheh Ansari is only listed under the United States). Initially all private space travel was aboard the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. When only two crew members are required in the three-seat Soyuz, and additional cargo is not sent, the additional seat is sold to the general public through Space Adventures. Private travelers would remain on the ISS during handover from one expedition crew to the next, generally a week or two. The NASA Space Shuttle carried seven crew members, and the longest docking with the ISS was 11 days. Many visitors to the ISS were accommodated for short periods during NASA shuttle dockings. NASA stated it was "not interested" in private spaceflight during construction of the ISS, but eventually began allowing up to two flights per year in 2019, with the first private visitors arriving at the US Orbital Segment in 2022 on a SpaceX Crew Dragon.

Long-term ISS crew, by nationality

All visitors, by nationality

All visitors, by agency

A Joe Acaba (three times) Viktor Afanasyev Aydyn Aimbetov Ali AlQarni Scott D. Altman Clayton C. Anderson (twice) Anousheh Ansari / (tourist) Dominic A. Antonelli (twice) Lee J. Archambault (twice) Richard R. Arnold Oleg Artemyev (three times) Jeffrey S. Ashby (twice) Nichole Ayers

B Rayyanah Barnawi Michael R. Barratt (three times) Kayla Barron Daniel T. Barry (twice) Yuri Baturin Robert L. Behnken (three times) Michael J. Bloomfield (twice) Eric A. Boe (twice) Andrei Borisenko (twice) Konstantin Borisov Stephen G. Bowen (four times) Kenneth D. Bowersox Randolph J. Bresnik (twice) Nikolai Budarin Daniel C. Burbank (three times) Daniel W. Bursch

C Robert D. Cabana Charles J. Camarda Zena Cardman Josh A. Cassada Christopher J. Cassidy (twice) Gregory E. Chamitoff (twice) Franklin R. Chang-Diaz / Raja Chari Leroy Chiao (twice) Catherine G. Coleman Nikolai Chub Eileen M. Collins Larry Connor (tourist) Kenneth D. Cockrell (twice) Timothy J. Creamer Samantha Cristoforetti (twice) Frank L. Culbertson Robert L. Curbeam (twice) Nancy J. Currie

D Frank De Winne (twice) Vladimir Dezhurov Takao Doi Matthew Dominick Benjamin A. Drew (twice) Pyotr Dubrov Brian Duffy Pedro Duque James P. Dutton Tracy E. Caldwell-Dyson (three times)

E Léopold Eyharts Jeanette J. Epps

F Andrey Fedyaev Christopher J. Ferguson (three times) Andrew J. Feustel / Michael Fincke (four times) Jack D. Fischer Michael Foale / Kevin A. Ford (twice) Michael J. Foreman (twice) Patrick G. Forrester (three times) Michael E. Fossum (three times) Stephen N. Frick (twice) Christer Fuglesang (twice) Satoshi Furukawa (twice)

G Ronald J. Garan (twice) Marc Garneau Richard A. Garriott (tourist) Michael L. Gernhardt Alexander Gerst (twice) Alper Gezeravcı Yuri Gidzenko (twice) Victor Glover Linda M. Godwin Michael T. Good Alexander Grebenkin Aleksandr Gorbunov Umberto Guidoni

H Chris Hadfield (twice) Nick Hague (twice) Claudie Haigneré James D. Halsell Kenneth Ham (twice) Susan Helms (twice) José M. Hernández John Herrington Joan Higginbotham Robert Hines Yozo Hirano (tourist) Kathryn P. Hire Charles O. Hobaugh (three times) Warren Hoburg Michael S. Hopkins (twice) Scott J. Horowitz (twice) Akihiko Hoshide (twice) Douglas G. Hurley (three times) Rick Husband

I Marsha S. Ivins Anatoli Ivanishin (three times)

J Tamara E. Jernigan Brent W. Jett (twice) Gregory H. Johnson (twice) Thomas D. Jones

K Aleksandr Kaleri (twice) Tibor Kapu Janet L. Kavandi James M. Kelly (twice) Mark E. Kelly (four times) Scott J. Kelly (three times) Nicole Aunapu Mann Jonny Kim Robert S. Kimbrough (twice) Christina Koch Dmitri Kondratyev Oleg Kononenko (five times) Timothy L. Kopra (twice) Mikhail Korniyenko (twice) Sergey Korsakov Valery Korzun Oleg Kotov (three times) Konstantin Kozeyev Sergei Krikalev (three times) Sergey Kud-Sverchkov André Kuipers (twice)

L Guy Laliberté (tourist) Wendy B. Lawrence Kjell Lindgren (twice) Steven W. Lindsey (three times) Richard M. Linnehan Paul S. Lockhart (twice) Yuri Lonchakov (three times) Michael E. Lopez-Alegria (five times) Stanley G. Love Edward T. Lu (twice)

M Steve MacLean Yusaku Maezawa (tourist) Sandra H. Magnus (three times) Yuri Malenchenko (five times) Hazza Al Mansouri Nicole Aunapu Mann Thomas H. Marshburn (three times) Richard A. Mastracchio (four times) Denis Matveev Matthias Maurer Megan McArthur William S. McArthur (twice) Anne McClain (twice) Pamela A. Melroy (three times) Leland D. Melvin (twice) Dorothy M. Metcalf-Lindenburger Aleksandr Misurkin (three times) Andreas Mogensen (twice) Jasmin Moghbeli Lee M. E. Morin Barbara R. Morgan Boris Morukov Talgat Musabayev flew in 2001 as a Russian citizen, became citizen of Kazakhstan in 2007

N Paolo Nespoli (three times) James H. Newman Sultan Al Neyadi Soichi Noguchi (three times) Carlos I. Noriega Oleg Novitskiy (three times) Lisa M. Nowak Karen L. Nyberg (twice)

O Ellen L. Ochoa (twice) William A. Oefelein Loral O'Hara John D. Olivas (twice) Takuya Onishi (twice) Yuri Onufrienko Gregory H. Olsen (tourist) Aleksey Ovchinin (three times)

P Gennady Padalka (four times) Scott E. Parazynski (twice) Luca Parmitano (twice) Mark Pathy (tourist) Nicholas J.M. Patrick (twice) Julie Payette (twice) Timothy Peake Yulia Peresild (tourist) Philippe Perrin Dmitry Petelin Thomas Pesquet (twice) Kirill Peskov Donald R. Pettit (four times) John L. Phillips (three times) Oleg Platonov Alan G. Poindexter (twice) Mark L. Polansky (three times) Marcos Pontes Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie (twice) Sergey Prokopyev (twice)

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with List of visitors to the International Space Station

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what List of visitors to the International Space Station claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to List of visitors to the International Space Station before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about List of visitors to the International Space Station ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of List of visitors to the International Space Station

In research: List of visitors to the International Space Station appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses List of visitors to the International Space Station in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: List of visitors to the International Space Station is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics International Space Station, Lists of astronauts, Spaceflight timelines, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for List of visitors to the International Space Station outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study List of visitors to the International Space Station in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what List of visitors to the International Space Station means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain List of visitors to the International Space Station out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is List of visitors to the International Space Station in simple terms?

This is a list of all of the visitors to the International Space Station (ISS), including long-term crew, short-term visitors, and space tourists, in alphabetical order. ISS crew names are in bold.

Why does List of visitors to the International Space Station matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study List of visitors to the International Space Station?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on List of visitors to the International Space Station.