Lithification (from the Ancient Greek word lithos meaning 'rock' and the Latin-derived suffix -ific) is the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation. Lithification includes all the processes which convert unconsolidated sediments into sedimentary rocks. Petrifaction, though often used as a synonym, is more specifically used to describe the replacement of organic material by silica in the formation of fossils.
See also Concretion – In geology, a type of compact mass Diagenesis – Physico-chemical changes in sediments occurring after their deposition Lithology – Description of the physical characteristics of a rock unit Parent rock – Original rock substratum Petrifaction – Process of fossilization Weathering – Deterioration of rocks and minerals through exposure to the elements
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