science

Loan and Discount Bank of Persia

Loan and Discount Bank of Persia is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Loan and Discount Bank of Persia rather than just read about it. In short: The Loan and Discount Bank of Persia (Persian: بانک استقراضی ایران Bānk-e Esteqrāżī-e Rūs, Russian: Учетно-Ссудного Банка Персии, French: banque de prêts et d'escompte de Perse - the bank was widely referred to by its French name) was a bank established in late Qajar Iran to foster Russian interests in the country in response to British influence and specifically the 1889 establishment of the Imperial Bank of Persia…

Key takeaways

Loan and Discount Bank of Persia belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Loan and Discount Bank of Persia to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Loan and Discount Bank of Persia from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

The Loan and Discount Bank of Persia (Persian: بانک استقراضی ایران Bānk-e Esteqrāżī-e Rūs, Russian: Учетно-Ссудного Банка Персии, French: banque de prêts et d'escompte de Perse - the bank was widely referred to by its French name) was a bank established in late Qajar Iran to foster Russian interests in the country in response to British influence and specifically the 1889 establishment of the Imperial Bank of Persia. The bank's activity, concentrated in Northern Iran, lasted until 1921, when its residual operations were reorganized as a domestic institution.

History The Loan Society of Persia (Russian: Ссудное общество Персии) was created by Russian merchant Yakov Solomonovich Polyakov, who in 1890 negotiated a 75-year concession from the Qajar government to establish a loan bank. It was initially a private-sector company, capitalized with 2 million French francs. Around the same time, Yakov's younger brother Lazar Polyakov opened a branch of his Moscow International Commercial Bank in Tehran. the Loan Society soon struggled financially, and was purchased in 1894 by the Russian government under the expansionist policy of Sergei Witte who had concluded that the State Bank of the Russian Empire could not open a Persian branch of its own without provoking British pushback. The Russian Empire subsequently owned the bank, renamed as Loan Bank of Persia (Ссудный банк Персии), via the Ministry of Finance, and delegated its management to the Russian embassy in Tehran. In practice, the Loan Bank operated as a foreign branch of Russia's State Bank. It was thus principally an instrument of Russian government policy, and it does not appear to have ever been profitable. In particular, it was a key financial supporter of the Persian Cossack Brigade. The bank accepted deposits and lent to merchants (mainly for trade with Russia), officials, and to the Iranian government. In the latter capacity, it notably led a major loan to the Qajar government in 1900, for 2.5 million rubles (ca. 2.3 million pounds sterling), refinancing the 1892 loan that had been made by the British-controlled Imperial Bank of Persia. It also engaged in predatory behavior against Russian private-sector business in Persia, effectively leading to much of the latter being nationalized by the Russian state. Its activity, however, was severely curtailed in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1905 which led Russian finances into severe distress. Following the 1917 revolution in Russia, the Soviet authorities terminated all banking activity in Russia. In 1921, they turned over the Loan and Discount Bank to the Iranian authorities. Then Persian finance minister Mohammad Mosaddegh reorganized it as Bank of Iran and entrusted its management to veteran Qajar official Morteza Khan Momtaz al-Molk. In 1933, the Bank of Iran was absorbed by the Agricultural and Industrial Bank (later branded Bank Keshavarzi Iran), which had just been spun off from Bank Melli Iran.

See also Moscow Narodny Bank Russo-Iranian Bank

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Loan and Discount Bank of Persia

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Loan and Discount Bank of Persia claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Loan and Discount Bank of Persia before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Loan and Discount Bank of Persia ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Loan and Discount Bank of Persia

In research: Loan and Discount Bank of Persia appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Loan and Discount Bank of Persia in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Loan and Discount Bank of Persia is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Banks established in 1890, Defunct banks of Iran, Defunct banks of Russia, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Loan and Discount Bank of Persia outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Loan and Discount Bank of Persia in 20 minutes

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Close the page and write down what Loan and Discount Bank of Persia means in your own words.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Loan and Discount Bank of Persia in simple terms?

Why does Loan and Discount Bank of Persia matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Loan and Discount Bank of Persia?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Loan and Discount Bank of Persia.