science

Londe

Londe is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Londe rather than just read about it. In short: Londe or londi is a traditional boat from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. They are thought to have existed since the 1500s, developed from ancient an Sangir islands boat called bininta which is now enshrined in the symbol of the region of Sangir Islands District.

Key takeaways

Londe belongs to science; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Londe to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Londe from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Londe or londi is a traditional boat from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. They are thought to have existed since the 1500s, developed from ancient an Sangir islands boat called bininta which is now enshrined in the symbol of the region of Sangir Islands District.

Description

They are about 5 m in length, generally they are driven by paddle but sail may also be used. Modern londe can be equipped with an outboard motor. The sail can be of tanja, lete, or lug sail type. Sometimes they are 25–30 ft (7.6-9.1 m) long with a 30 in (76.2 cm) beam. They are usually operated by 1–3 men, but large ones could carry 5 men. A londe can be identified by its unique bow and stern. A kind of "horn" pokes out from the bottom of the bow protruding forward and curling upwards like an elephant tusk. At the stern the horn is not so prominent but the form can be seen, protruding backward. Its supposed predecessor, bininta, has on its bow and stern a horn that pokes toward the front and back. Another distinguishing feature from other outrigger canoe, the londe has different bahateng (outrigger boom/beam) on the front and the back. The fore boom is a strongly curved piece of wood lashed to the atiq (outrigger float made of bamboo) without a tadiq (the linking piece between bahateng and atiq). The atiq is made by two or three pieces of thick bamboo lashed together. While the aft boom is a straight piece of wood linked to the atiq with a curved rattan tadiq, the so-called S-shaped Halmaheran attachment. Londe is constructed with added planks on the side of its mahera (dugout base). The main material is nantu/nato wood, gopasa wood, or kapuraca wood. With a fair wind, londe can go very fast but somewhat difficult to tack and cannot sail very close to the wind.

Distribution

In the 1980s londe boats were still widely found along the coast through Manado from Ranayapo, Poopo, Sario (Manado), Likupang to Batulubang near Bitung. Also found in Barangka, Tahuna, Naha and Lirung in the Sangihe Islands. The londe boat at that time was a sailboat used extensively in Sangir fisherman settlements. In 2012, on Miangas Island, the outermost island on the border with the Philippines, there are still many londe boats. However, in the same year, on the island of Marore in the Talaud Islands londe is no longer found which according to local residents there are many on the island in the past. The extinction of a londe boat is not because fishermen no longer need boats of the same size and functionality. The londe type began to go extinct because fishermen now no longer need the function of the "horns", so they no longer order such boats. The horns were used as a place to hold, to rest, or to look into the sea at the time of collecting or capturing fishes by diving.

See also Vinta Pelang Jukung Paduwang Knabat bogolu

References

Further reading Salam, Aziz (2018). "Technological Adaptation in Traditional Fisheries: Way to Survive". IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 139.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Londe

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Londe claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Londe before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Londe ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Londe

In research: Londe appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Londe in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Londe is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Austronesian ships, Boats of Indonesia, Indonesian inventions, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Londe outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Londe in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Londe means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Londe out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Londe in simple terms?

Why does Londe matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Londe?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Londe.