chemistry

M30-Apoptosense ELISA

M30-Apoptosense ELISA is a chemistry topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand M30-Apoptosense ELISA rather than just read about it. In short: M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the detection of soluble caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18, K18-Asp396, formerly cytokeratin 18, ccCK18 or CK18-Asp396). History The M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is a PEVIVA product owned by VLVbio (Nacka, Sweden) and was developed in collaboration with the Karolinska Institute in 2000.

Key takeaways

M30-Apoptosense ELISA belongs to chemistry; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect M30-Apoptosense ELISA to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of M30-Apoptosense ELISA from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the detection of soluble caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18, K18-Asp396, formerly cytokeratin 18, ccCK18 or CK18-Asp396).

History The M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is a PEVIVA product owned by VLVbio (Nacka, Sweden) and was developed in collaboration with the Karolinska Institute in 2000. Distributors:

In the United States and Canada, the Peviva products are distributed by DiaPharma Group, Inc In the United Kingdom, the products are distributed by bioaxxess China - Boppard CO., Ltd. Distributors in Japan - Funakoshi Co., Ltd In Germany, Switzerland and Benelux, the products are distributed by TECOmedical

Uses The M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is a non-invasive test for the detection of apoptosis of epithelially derived cells. Caspases are activated in apoptotic cells and cleave intracellular protein substrates. Keratin 18 (K18) is one such substrate, expressed by many epithelial cells (e.g. hepatocytes, intestinal cells, breast cells, prostate cells). Cleaved K18 is released into the circulation after cell death. The main uses of M30 Apoptosense® ELISA are to:

Measure apoptosis of tumor cells in response to cytotoxic drugs (breast, prostate and other forms of carcinomas). Measure hepatocyte apoptosis to aid the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and steatosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Serve as a biomarkers of epithelial apoptosis in liver and intestinal graft-versus-host disease.

Biology Caspases cleave keratin 18 at two sites during apoptosis. Cleavage at Asp396 generates a neo-epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody M30®. This antibody does not recognize uncleaved K18 and is therefore specific for apoptotic epithelial cells. M30 Apoptosense® ELISA utilizes a second monoclonal antibody (M5) which recognizes an epitope N-terminal from the M30® epitope. M30 Apoptosense® ELISA can be combined with the M65® ELISA (uncleaved K18) (PEVIVA®, VLVbio) to determine cell death mode (apoptosis versus necrosis).

Trademarks There has been some confusion in the literature on the use of the term “M30”. Although it should be very clear that “M30” is a monoclonal antibody (“M”) that detects the antigen “ccK18”/“K18-Asp396” people sometimes refer to the antigen as “M30”. This is incorrect. It is clear that the use of the term “M30” in connection with “keratin” means the monoclonal antibody M30® or (possibly, but erroneously) the neo-epitope DALD396 on K18 recognized by the M30® monoclonal. “M30” is not a biological entity expressed in cells but a (patent protected) monoclonal antibody. Caspase-cleaved fragment of keratin 18 = ccK18 Keratin 18 = K18 (or CK18) M30® = the antibody that recognizes a neoepitope on ccK18 M65® ELISA = an ELISA composed of two antibodies (M5 and M6) for conventional epitopes of K18 M30®, Apoptosense®, M65®, EpiDeath®, and PEVIVA® are registered trademarks, including U.S. Trademarks 4,577,969, 2,749,204, 1,009,048, and 896,269. Additionally, VLVBio™ holds additional Trademarks in most countries worldwide.

References

External links VLVbio AB DiaPharma Group, Inc. bioaxxess Boppard CO., Ltd Funakoshi Co., Ltd TECOmedical

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with M30-Apoptosense ELISA

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what M30-Apoptosense ELISA claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In chemistry, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to M30-Apoptosense ELISA before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about M30-Apoptosense ELISA ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of M30-Apoptosense ELISA

In research: M30-Apoptosense ELISA appears in chemistry research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses M30-Apoptosense ELISA in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: M30-Apoptosense ELISA is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Biochemistry methods, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for M30-Apoptosense ELISA outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study M30-Apoptosense ELISA in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what M30-Apoptosense ELISA means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain M30-Apoptosense ELISA out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is M30-Apoptosense ELISA in simple terms?

M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the detection of soluble caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18, K18-Asp396, formerly cytokeratin 18, ccCK18 or CK18-Asp396). History The M30 Apoptosense® ELISA is a PEVIVA product owned by VLVbio (Nacka, Sweden) and was develo…

Why does M30-Apoptosense ELISA matter?

Because it connects several chemistry ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study M30-Apoptosense ELISA?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on M30-Apoptosense ELISA.